The continuous scientific, societal, and technological advancements have shifted drug development toward increasingly complex and ever more targeted treatments. This creates new and unprecedented challenges for global regulatory systems. To address the increased risks and uncertainties of increasingly complex medicine, we advocate for a more tailored and flexible regulatory approach, which is explained here with the concept of 'regulatory density'. In the context of this paper, 'regulatory density' describes the relative amount of obligatory standards, measures and procedures applied to certain medicinal products or product classes and the resources required to meet these requirements. Given that risk and uncertainty are dynamic variables that can change over time, with this paper, we want to stimulate (re)thinking of regulatory approaches for managing the challenges of future complex medicines.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.005 | DOI Listing |
Am J Pathol
January 2025
Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition; Department of Pathology; Department of Bioengineering; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address:
The importance of complex systems has become increasingly evident in recent years. The nervous system is one such example with neural networks sitting at the intersection of complex networks and biology. A particularly exciting feature is the resilience of complex systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharmacol
January 2025
School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar - 751024, Odisha, India. Electronic address:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge, demanding continuous advancements in treatment strategies. This review explores the complexities of targeting colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the mechanisms contributing to resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The efficacy of 5-FU is enhanced by combination therapies such as FOLFOXIRI and targeted treatments like bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab, particularly in KRAS wild-type tumors, despite associated toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Biophys Mol Biol
January 2025
Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China. Electronic address:
Vinculin, a crucial adhesion plaque protein, plays a significant role in cell morphology and tissue development. Dysregulation of focal adhesion proteins has been linked to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, and cancer. Recent studies increasingly highlight vinculin's involvement in the progression of these diseases; however, a comprehensive review remains lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Microbiol Biotechnol
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
The construction of artificial reefs (ARs) is an effective way to restore habitats and increase and breed fishery resources in marine ranches. However, studies on the impacts of ARs on the structure, function, and assembly patterns of the bacterial community (BC), which is important in biogeochemical cycles, are lacking. The compositions, diversities, assembly patterns, predicted functions, and key environmental factors of the attached and free-living microbial communities in five-year ARs (O-ARs) and one-year ARs (N-ARs) in Fangchenggang, China, were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFuture Cardiol
January 2025
Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Reaching competency in congenital heart surgery (CHS) requires lengthy and rigorous training. Due to patient safety, time limitations, and procedural complexity, the intraoperative setting is not ideal for technical practice. Surgical simulation using synthetic, biological, or virtual models is an increasingly valuable educational tool for technical training and assessment.
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