Twigs of were extracted using a solution of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BMImBr) in HO, assisted by microwave (MAE). After successive chromatographic steps, one sesquiterpene, costic acid, and three new related lactones, 3(7)--3-hexadec-21-enylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one (), 3(7)--3-hexadecylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one (), and 3(7)--3-docosylidene-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one (), were isolated. After structural elucidation using IR, UV, HRESIMS, NMR, ECD, and VCD, compounds were tested against trypomastigote forms of . The mechanism of action of bioactive isolated compounds was studied using different fluorescent-based approaches to investigate alterations of the plasma membrane, permeability/electric potential (ΔΨ), reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondria (electric membrane potential, ΔΨ/ATP levels), Ca levels, and pH of the acidocalcisomes. In addition, in silico studies predicted no resemblance to pan assay interference compounds (PAINS).
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