Hereditary geniospasm is a rare and benign disorder that can cause distress and social embarrassment to patients. There are only a handful of possible treatment options available. Due to the rarity of the condition, practices differ across the world and the results are varied. These include beta-blockers, benzodiazepines and anti-epileptics. These treatments can have significant side-effects when used long term. However, botulinum toxin injections have been successfully used in a handful of cases. We report a successful botulinum treatment of hereditary geniospasm in a mother and son, with the injection protocols.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8013530 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313X21993593 | DOI Listing |
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