Objective: Safe vehicle speeds were identified as a key element in a safe system approach to road safety. The City of Yarra in Melbourne, Australia has a 40 km/h default speed limit across their municipality, but wished to reduce the speed limit in local residential streets to 30 km/h. The Monash University Accident Research Center provided Council with a design for a demonstration trial and agreed to evaluate its safety benefits over 12 months. The trial was expected to show significant reductions in speed and increased community support.
Method: A before and after design was employed with a control (untreated) area to evaluate the safety outcomes of the trial. Speed limits were reduced to 30 km/h in the trial area for 12 months but kept at kept at the current 40 km/h (25 mph) limit in the control region. Vehicle speeds were measured at around 100 selected sites in the trial and control areas, and resident surveys were undertaken in both regions before and after the trial.
Results: The findings showed a small but modest reduction of 1.1% in average speed in the trial region but a surprising 2.7% in the control region. On further examination, significant reductions were observed in the percent of vehicles exceeding 40 km/h (25 mph) and 50 km/h (31 mph) in both the treated and control regions, but not at 30 km/h (19 mph). A regression analysis further showed a significant treatment effect of 11% at 40 km/h and 25% at 50 km/h when adjusting for differences between treated and controls. Among other findings, the survey results found increased support for the lower speed limit of 17% with little adverse consequences.
Conclusion: The findings give support for the likely safety benefits of the 30 km/h trial with increased support from the residents. Speed reductions in the control region suggested a carry-over of the effects of the trial but also added support by local residents for reduced speed limits in the region. Potential injury savings were estimated at a 4% reduction in the risk of a pedestrian injury from the observed treatment effect in the trial region.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2021.1895990 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Wave-CAIPI Multiparameter MR Imaging in Neurology.
NMR Biomed
March 2025
Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
In clinical practice, particularly in neurology assessments, imaging multiparametric MR images with a single-sequence scan is often limited by either insufficient imaging contrast or the constraints of accelerated imaging techniques. A novel single scan 3D imaging method, incorporating Wave-CAIPI and MULTIPLEX technologies and named WAMP, has been developed for rapid and comprehensive parametric imaging in clinical diagnostic applications. Featuring a hybrid design that includes wave encoding, the CAIPIRINHA sampling pattern, dual time of repetition (TR), dual flip angle (FA), multiecho, and optional flow modulation, the WAMP method captures information on RF B1t fields, proton density (PD), T1, susceptibility, and blood flow.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvancing osseointegration research: A dynamic three-dimensional (3D) culture model for dental implants.
J Dent Sci
January 2025
Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background/purpose: studies are essential for understanding cellular responses, but traditional culture systems often neglect the three-dimensional (3D) structure of real implants, leading to limitations in cellular recruitment and behavior largely governed by gravity. The objective of this study was to pioneer a novel 3D dynamic osteoblastic culture system for assessing the biological capabilities of dental implants in a more clinically and physiologically relevant manner.
Materials And Methods: Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured in a 24-well dish with a vertically positioned dental implant.
: active learning in neutron reflectometry for fast data acquisition.
J Appl Crystallogr
January 2024
NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
Neutron reflectometry (NR) is a powerful technique for interrogating the structure of thin films at interfaces. Because NR measurements are slow and instrument availability is limited, measurement efficiency is paramount. One approach to improving measurement efficiency is active learning (AL), in which the next measurement configurations are selected on the basis of information gained from the partial data collected so far.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Hybrid Rehabilitation Program for Adults with Peripheral Artery Disease (HY-PAD): A Pre-Post Intervention Study to Assess Its Feasibility.
CJC Open
January 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Background: Supervised exercise programs improve walking impairment and quality of life (QoL) in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, such programs are underutilized, due to their limited accessibility. A feasible and effective exercise program is needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUAV selection for high-speed train communication using OTFS modulation.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Computational Learning Theory Team, RIKEN-Advanced Intelligence Project, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Providing continuous wireless connectivity for high-speed trains (HSTs) is challenging due to their high speeds, making installing numerous ground base stations (BSs) along the HST route an expensive solution, particularly in rural and wilderness areas. This paper proposes using multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to deliver high data rate wireless connectivity for HSTs, taking advantage of their ability to fly, hover, and maneuver at low altitudes. However, autonomously selecting the optimal UAV by the HST is challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!