Background And Purpose: Individuals with sickle cell anemia experience cognitive deficits, even in the absence of cerebral infarcts or strokes. This study tested the hypothesis that elevated cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction are associated with lower executive function in individuals with sickle cell anemia.
Methods: Three-Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed, including anatomic, gray matter cerebral blood flow, and global oxygen extraction fraction imaging. Executive function was measured using the working memory index from an age-appropriate Wechsler battery and tasks from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Bivariate and multivariate models were examined (significance: <0.05).
Results: Fifty-four participants (age range=6-31 years) with sickle cell anemia were enrolled. Hematocrit was positively related to fluid cognition, cerebral blood flow was inversely related to working memory and inhibitory control, and oxygen extraction fraction was inversely related to processing speed. Associations remained significant in multivariate analyses controlling for age, income, and infarcts.
Conclusions: Elevated cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction, markers of hemodynamic impairment, are associated with deficits in executive function in individuals with sickle cell anemia.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032741 | DOI Listing |
Int Rev Res Dev Disabil
October 2024
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, United States.
New insights regarding the early emergence of phenotypic patterns of strength and challenge in neurogenetic conditions afford the possibility of personalized, anticipatory intervention approaches. The development of novel 'syndrome-informed' interventions, however, should incorporate principles that will maximize the utility of intervention activities for as many children with a given neurogenetic condition as possible. This review examines several of these dimensions, including the use of community-engaged frameworks to ensure feasibility and acceptability of novel interventions; the development of cross-nationally valid approaches that can be readily translated into other languages and cultural contexts; and the use of adaptive interventions designs that allow for the tailoring of intervention pathways based on key child dimensions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchizophr Res Cogn
June 2025
University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Hospitals of NICE CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), a neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs before age 13 and is rarer and more severe than adult-onset schizophrenia.
Method: A search was made in the PubMed database. Sixty-seven studies (out of 543) which analyzed Intellectual Quotient (IQ), attentional, memory and executive functions were selected by two independent researchers.
Importance: The pathophysiology of ADHD is complicated by high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, thus delineating unique versus shared functional brain perturbations is critical in elucidating illness pathophysiology.
Objective: To investigate resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI)-complexity alterations among children with ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), respectively, and comorbid ADHD, ODD, and OCD, within the cool and hot executive function (EF) networks.
Design: We leveraged baseline data (wave 0) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
Mounting evidence suggests hierarchical psychopathology factors underlying psychiatric comorbidity. However, the exact neurobiological characterizations of these multilevel factors remain elusive. In this study, leveraging the brain-behavior predictive framework with a 10-year longitudinal imaging-genetic cohort (IMAGEN, ages 14, 19 and 23, = 1,750), we constructed two neural factors underlying externalizing and internalizing symptoms, which were reproducible across six clinical and population-based datasets (ABCD, STRATIFY/ ESTRA, ABIDE II, ADHD-200 and XiNan, from age 10 to age 36, = 3,765).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Alzheimers Dis
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a stage between cognitively normal and Alzheimer's disease. Despite much published research on MCI, there continues to be a knowledge gap of volumetric brain changes in MCI versus cognitively normal (CN) in racially diverse, community-based samples.
Objective: The study aimed to understand differences in volume of selected brain regions in individuals with MCI versus those who are cognitively normal.
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