AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effects of adding a weight-loss Mediterranean diet and lifestyle intervention to standard care for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, focusing on inflammation and oxidative stress.
- Participants were divided into three groups: standard care, Mediterranean diet, and Mediterranean lifestyle, with the latter two undergoing a 6-month intervention alongside continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.
- Results showed that those in the Mediterranean diet and lifestyle groups experienced significant reductions in inflammatory markers compared to the standard care group, indicating additional health benefits from dietary and lifestyle changes alongside CPAP treatment.
Article Abstract
Purpose: Inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology. We aimed at exploring whether the combination of a weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention with OSA standard care, i.e., continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prescription, can lead to greater improvements in inflammation and oxidative stress, compared to standard care alone.
Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial in 187 adult, overweight patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Participants were randomized to a standard care (SCG, n = 65), a Mediterranean diet (MDG, n = 62) or a Mediterranean lifestyle group (MLG, n = 60). All groups received OSA standard care. Intervention arms participated in a 6-month behavioral weight-loss intervention based on the Mediterranean diet, while the MLG also received counselling on physical activity and sleep habits.
Results: Seven patients were excluded and 53/180 were lost to follow-up. In intention to treat analysis (n = 180), the SCG did not exhibit changes in any of the markers assessed. Post-intervention age-, sex-, baseline- and CPAP use-adjusted plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (mg/L) were lower in the MDG and the MLG compared to the SCG (mean difference - 1.33, P = 0.039 and - 1.68, P = 0.007, respectively). The MLG also exhibited lower urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2a levels (ng/mg creatinine) compared to the SCG and the MDG (mean difference - 1.10, P < 0.0001 and - 0.80, P = 0.001, respectively). Adiponectin and oxidized guanine levels were not altered in any of the study groups. Results were similar in per protocol analysis (n = 127).
Conclusion: A weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention on top of CPAP has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits in OSA.
Registration: The trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02515357) on August 4, 2015.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02552-w | DOI Listing |
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