The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Butyl lactate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog ethyl (L)-lactate (CAS # 687-47-8) show that butyl lactate is not expected to be genotoxic. Data on read-across materials butyl alcohol (CAS # 71-36-3) and lactic acid (CAS # 50-21-5) provide a calculated margin of exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints. The skin sensitization endpoint was completed using the dermal sensitization threshold (DST) for non-reactive materials (900 μg/cm); exposure is below the DST. The phototoxicity/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet (UV) spectra; butyl lactate is not expected to be phototoxic/photoallergenic. Data on butyl lactate provide a calculated MOE >100 for the local respiratory endpoint. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; butyl lactate was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112174 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
In vivo toxic and lethal cardiorespiratory effects of a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt derivative of haloperidol in mice.
Animal Model Exp Med
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
Background: To investigate the toxicity of N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2), a quaternary ammonium salt derivative of haloperidol, in mice for potential therapeutic purposes.
Methods: The acute median lethal dose (LD) of F2 was determined using the Bliss method following intravenous administration in mice. Routine surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) and arterial blood pressures (aBPs) were recorded under general anesthesia in untreated and pharmacologically vagotomized mice injected with F2.
Synthesis and use of thermoplastic polymers for tissue engineering purposes.
Int J Pharm X
June 2025
Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Thermoplastic polymers provide a versatile platform to mimic various aspects of physiological extracellular matrix properties such as chemical composition, stiffness, and topography for use in cell and tissue engineering applications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the most promising thermoplastic polymers, and in particular the thermoplastic polyesters, such as poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), and polycaprolactone, and the thermoplastic elastomers, such as polyurethanes, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and poly(butyl cyanoacrylate). A particular focus has been made on the synthesis processes, the processability and the biocompatibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynergistic effect of inulin hydrogels on multi-strain probiotics for prevention of ionizing radiation-induced injury.
Int J Biol Macromol
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China. Electronic address:
Prebiotics and probiotics are applied against multiple diseases including ionizing radiation-induced injury but their functions are not revealed enough. Here, we used a prebiotic, inulin hydrogels (IGs) to load multi-strain probiotics (MSPs) for protecting them from the gastrointestinal environment and improving their colonization in the gut; more importantly, they showed the synergistic effect against ionizing radiation-induced injury. Probiotics were embedded in a great number of channels of the IGs and used IGs as food.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLGA/BK microspheres targeting the bradykinin signaling pathway as a therapeutic strategy to delay intervertebral disc degeneration.
Commun Biol
November 2024
Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China.
Intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD) is a common spinal condition with limited effective treatments available. This study aims to investigate the impact of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Bradykinin (PLGA/BK) microspheres on IVDD and its underlying mechanisms. We collected nucleus pulposus samples from both healthy and degenerated human intervertebral disks and conducted immunohistochemical analyses, revealing reduced BK expression in degenerated tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNampt/SIRT2/LDHA pathway-mediated lactate production regulates follicular dysplasia in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Free Radic Biol Med
November 2024
Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China. Electronic address:
Decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) content has been shown to contribute to metabolic dysfunction during aging, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the effect of NAD on ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS by regulating glycolysis has not been reported. Based on the observations of granulosa cells (GCs) transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the signal pathways including glycolysis and nicotinate-nicotinamide metabolism were significantly enriched, and most genes of the above pathway like LDHA and SIRT2 were down-regulated in PCOS patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!