Development and Validity Testing of a Type 1 Diabetes Resource for 10-19-Years Old Adolescents in China.

Purpose: This phase 1 study aimed to develop a Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) educational resource for adolescents (10-19 years) in China, and to test its validity for improving diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence.

Design And Methods: This phase 1 study was carried out in four phases: preliminary development of the Type 1 diabetes educational resource in English based on the health belief model (HBM) and the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Consensus Guidelines 2014; translation of the resource into Chinese; readability testing of the resource; and face and content validity testing for scientific and clinical accuracy.

Results: Type 1 diabetes educational resource with 17 "topics" in four sections was developed for 10-19-years old adolescents in China. Cartoon story, images, stories, questions & answers, and quizzes were used to attract adolescents' interest. Furthermore, the educational resource was confirmed to be understandable among adolescents, clinically accurate, and consistent with its purpose.

Conclusions: This resource with good readability and content validity is a potential facilitator for diabetes education and self-management in adolescents with T1DM in China.

Practical Implications: This type 1 diabetes resource can be used to educate adolescents with T1DM as a validated resource after further testing in an effectiveness study.