Amphibians are declining globally. Exposure to pesticides has been implicated in decreasing amphibian immune function, thus increasing their susceptibility to parasites and disease and thereby negatively affecting individuals and populations. Amphibians are likely exposed to neonicotinoids because these widely used insecticides are highly soluble in water and because amphibian freshwater habitats are often embedded in agroecosystems. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to two individual neonicotinoids (clothianidin or thiamethoxam) at either low or high concentrations (2.5 or 250 µg/L) on northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) blood cell profiles and concentrations of corticosterone, an energy-mediating hormone associated with stress. Larval frogs from Gosner stage 25 to 46 were exposed to pesticide and control treatments in outdoor mesocosms. Corticosterone concentrations were measured after 6 d of exposure, and blood cell profiles were assessed once frogs reached Gosner stage 46 (following 8 w of exposure). No significant changes were found in erythrocyte counts, leukocyte counts, monocyte to leukocyte ratios or corticosterone concentrations between treatments. However, exposure to either 2.5 or 250 µg/L of clothianidin, or 250 µg/L of thiamethoxam decreased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios and neutrophil to leukocyte ratios, and exposure to 2.5 µg/L of clothianidin or 250 µg/L of thiamethoxam decreased eosinophil to leukocyte ratios. Our results indicate that long-term exposure to neonicotinoids can alter leukocyte profiles, indicative of a stress response. Future studies should investigate whether chronic exposure to neonicotinoids affect multiple measures of stress differently or influences the susceptibility of amphibians to parasites and pathogens. Our work underscores the importance of continued use of multiple measures of stress for different amphibian species when undertaking ecotoxicological assessments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105820 | DOI Listing |
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
June 2024
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil.
In the New World, dogs are considered the main reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Due to inefficacies in existing treatments and the lack of an efficient vaccine, dog culling is one of the main strategies used to control disease, making the development of new therapeutic interventions mandatory. We previously showed that Tanespimycin (17-AAG), a Hsp90 inhibitor, demonstrated potential for use in leishmaniasis treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J
November 2022
British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
Aims: Obesity is common and associated with unique phenotypic features in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Therefore, understanding the efficacy and safety of new therapies in HFpEF patients with obesity is important. The effects of dapagliflozin were examined according to body mass index (BMI) among patients in the Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients With PReserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
March 2022
Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
There is increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives to mitigate methane emissions from livestock systems. Our objective was to investigate the effects of essential oils (EO) extracts star anise (), citronella (), clove bud (), staigeriana eucalyptus (), globulus eucalyptus (), ginger (), ho wood (), melaleuca (), oregano () and white thyme () on in vitro methane emissions from four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture as inoculum donors. The semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess total gas production, dry matter degradability, partitioning factor, ammoniacal nitrogen, short-chain fatty acids and methane production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDig Liver Dis
November 2020
Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Background: Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) diagnosis is based on specific histological findings and anti-parietal cell antibodies (PCA) considered the serological hallmark of AAG, although a subgroup of AAG patients may be seronegative.
Objectives: To assess the occurrence and clinical features of seronegative compared to seropositive AAG.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 516 consecutive adult patients (age 59.
Gen Physiol Biophys
October 2018
Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
The aim our study was to investigate protective effect of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in the model of proteasome stress of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells induced by bortezomib, an inhibitor of 26S proteasome. We have focused our interests on Hsp70 and activation of caspase 3. Finally, we have compared the effect of CoCl2 with an effect of the pre-treatment of the cells with 17-AAG, an inhibitor of Hsp90 that is capable to induce expression of Hsp70, or with IOX2, an inhibitor of isoform 2 of prolyl hydroxylase that increases stability of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α).
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