THE PRINCIPLE OF COMBINED PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID TUMORS.

Objective: The aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of preoperative diagnosis of patients with thyroid tumors and to assess the use of cancer-embryonic antigen and immunocytochemical research.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: Patients were interviewed about their complaints and lifestyle; performed ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration, determination of the level of cancer-embryonic antigen (CEA), cytological and immunocytochemical researches.

Results: Results: The Benign process in the thyroid gland is low serum REA (less than 0.95 ng / ml), poor expression of thyroglobulin (77.8%), negative reaction with TTF-1 (100%) and cytokeratin-19 (55.6%). Differential-prognostic markers of thyroid neoplasms with risk of malignancy include increased serum REA (0.95 ng / ml and above), the presence of a moderate reaction with antibodies to thyroglobulin (80.0%), a positive reaction - to TTF-1 (100.0%) and E-cadherin (90.0%), with moderate or strong expression of cytokeratin-19 (90.0%). Statistically significant markers of malignant thyroid disease were determined: the presence of harmful factors at work (45.5%), smoking (27.3%), elevated serum REA (0.95 ng / ml and above), the presence of strong cytoplasmic expression of thyroglobulin (63.6%), moderate or strong expression of TTF-1 (90.9%) and cytokeratin-19 (81.8%).

Conclusion: Conclusions: The most appropriate and practically significant for preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors is a set of several diagnostic methods, which are carried out in one hospital - ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration, cytomorphological, and immunocytochemical and REA levels in a primary screening.