Enprofylline concentrations were measured on 3 consecutive days in milk and plasma from six nursing mothers who were treated twice daily with 150-mg enprofylline slow-release tablets. The mean plasma concentration was 0.89 mg/L and the mean milk concentration was 0.71 mg/L, the average milk/plasma ratio being 0.80. The mean milk/plasma ratio ranged from 0.67 to 0.98 in the six mothers. It was estimated that a maximum of approximately 10% of an adult dose of enprofylline, on a per-kilogram body-weight basis, may be transferred to the suckling infant.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007691-198802000-00005 | DOI Listing |
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol
November 2024
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK.
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol
November 2024
Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Breastfeeding is the most complete nutritional method of feeding infants, but several impediments affect the decision to breastfeed, including questions of drug safety for medications needed during lactation. Despite recent FDA guidance, few labels provide clear dosing advice during lactation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) is well suited to mechanistically explore pharmacokinetics and dosing paradigms to fill gaps in the absence of extensive clinical studies and complement existing real-world data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Biomed Anal
December 2024
Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. Electronic address:
Front Pharmacol
May 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Isala, Zwolle, Netherlands.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the plasma and breastmilk concentrations for sertraline, citalopram and paroxetine for assessment of the Milk/Plasma (M/P) ratio and Absolute Infant Dose (AID), and to determine actual infant drug exposure through breastfeeding. Subsequently, informed recommendations will be formulated regarding the advisability of breastfeeding in women undergoing treatment with the three most widely used antidepressants.
Methods: A pharmacokinetic study in lactating women and their infants using sertraline, citalopram or paroxetine was performed.
Sci Rep
October 2023
Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology 'Oskar Kellner', Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
The milk urea concentration (MUC) serves as indicator of urinary nitrogen emissions, but at comparable crude protein (CP) intake, cows with high (HMU) and low (LMU) MUC excrete equal urea amounts. We hypothesized that urea and uric acid transporters and sizes of the kidney, mammary gland, and rumen account for these phenotypes. Eighteen HMU and 18 LMU Holstein dairy cows fed a low (LP) and normal (NP) CP diet were studied.
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