Relief from suffering is the guiding principle of medical and veterinary ethics. Medical care for animals should be carried out to meet all welfare conditions. The need for pain management is demonstrated by recent monographs devoting attention to this urgent ethical need. Little data, however, are available on the prevention and attenuation of pain in sheep. After administration of narcotic analgesics used for severe visceral pain, sheep react with a state of excitement. Therefore, it was decided to experimentally investigate the usefulness of potential non-narcotic drugs to relieve pain in sheep with intestinal colic caused by 10 min of mechanical distension of their duodenal and/or descending colonic wall. The results indicate the potential usefulness of VGCCIs (diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil), cholecystokinin receptor antagonists (PD, proglumide), and metabotropic glutaminergic receptor antagonists (mGluRAs), such as L-AP, DL-AP. As a premedication, these substances prevented the occurrence of symptoms of acute intestinal pain including atony of reticulo-rumen, tachycardia, hyperventilation, moaning, gnashing of teeth, hypercortisolemia, and catecholaminemia; hence, these substances are considered potential agents in the treatment of sheep visceral pain.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030909 | DOI Listing |
J Orthop Case Rep
January 2025
Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service, Division of Sports Traumatology and Joint Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, RM 00168, Italy.
Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeries are rapidly increasing due to an aging population, leading to an increase in degenerative hip osteoarthritis. However, 1% of these patients go through prosthetic joint infection (PJI), which gives rise to implant failure with prolonged periods of patient incapacitation and higher mortality risk.
Case Report: In this article, we report an unusual case of a 62-year-old male who developed a PJI 7 months after a THA.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Information Systems, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
This study explores the question whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) can outperform human experts in animal pain recognition using sheep as a case study. It uses a dataset of N = 48 sheep undergoing surgery with video recordings taken before (no pain) and after (pain) surgery. Four veterinary experts used two types of pain scoring scales: the sheep facial expression scale (SFPES) and the Unesp-Botucatu composite behavioral scale (USAPS), which is the 'golden standard' in sheep pain assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Musculoskelet Disord
December 2024
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Background: Low back pain is a major disorder that causes disability and is strongly associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Because of the limitations of contemporary interventions, stem cell transplantation (SCT) has been increasingly used to regenerate degenerative discs. Nevertheless, analyses of high-impact papers in this field are rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Anaesth Analg
January 2025
CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Armidale, Australia. Electronic address:
Objective: To compare the behavioural responses of lambs to ring castration with or without local anaesthetic administration by single midline injection at the scrotal neck.
Study Design: Blinded, randomized block design pen study.
Animals: A group of 60 male Merino lambs; 6-8 weeks of age; average body weight of 18.
Animals (Basel)
November 2024
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Sheep facial expressions are valuable indicators of their pain levels, playing a critical role in monitoring their health and welfare. In response to challenges such as missed detections, false positives, and low recognition accuracy in sheep facial expression recognition, this paper introduces an enhanced algorithm based on YOLOv8n, referred to as SimAM-MobileViTAttention-EfficiCIoU-AA2_SPPF-YOLOv8n (SMEA-YOLOv8n). Firstly, the proposed method integrates the parameter-free Similarity-Aware Attention Mechanism (SimAM) and MobileViTAttention modules into the CSP Bottleneck with 2 Convolutions(C2f) module of the neck network, aiming to enhance the model's feature representation and fusion capabilities in complex environments while mitigating the interference of irrelevant background features.
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