: Relation to Concomitants and Connection to Patients' Conditions in Polymicrobial Biofilms of Urinary Tract Catheters and Urines.

an emerging, opportunistic pathogen and its connection to non-infectious diseases and conditions, such as prostate or bladder cancer, or chronic inflammation has been proposed. Here, we analyzed 297 urine, ureteral and urinary catheter samples from 128 patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Sequencing (PCR-DGGE-S), and culture, and 29 of these samples also by Illumina sequencing, to establish 's prevalence in urinary tract-related samples, its relation to other bacteria, and its potential association with patients' conditions and samples' characteristics. -positive samples were significantly more diverse than . negative and between-group diversity was higher than intra-group. sp., sp., and sp. were significantly more often present in -positive samples; thus, we suggest these species are concomitants, while and Staphylococcaceae were more often identified in -negative samples; therefore, we propose and these species are mutually exclusive. Additionally, a significantly higher prevalence in patients with ureter stricture associated hydronephrosis ( = 0.020) was noted. We suggest that could be an early polybacterial biofilm colonizer, together with concomitant species, known for pro-inflammatory features.