In this work, a green extraction technique, subcritical water extraction (SBWE), was employed to extract active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from an important Chinese medicinal herb, (danshen), at various temperatures. The APIs included tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. Traditional herbal decoction (THD) of was also carried out for comparison purposes. Reproduction assay of herbal extracts obtained by both SBWE and THD were then conducted on so that SBWE conditions could be optimized for the purpose of developing efficacious herbal medicine from The extraction efficiency was mostly enhanced with increasing extraction temperature. The quantity of tanshinone I in the herbal extract obtained by SBWE at 150 °C was 370-fold higher than that achieved by THD extraction. Reproduction evaluation revealed that the worm reproduction rate decreased and the reproduction inhibition rate increased with elevated SBWE temperatures. Most importantly, the reproduction inhibition rate of the SBWE herbal extracts obtained at all four temperatures investigated was higher than that of traditional herbal decoction extracts. The results of this work show that there are several benefits of subcritical water extraction of medicinal herbs over other existing herbal medicine preparation techniques. Compared to THD, the thousand-year-old and yet still popular herbal preparation method used in herbal medicine, subcritical water extraction is conducted in a closed system where no loss of volatile active pharmaceutical ingredients occurs, although analyte degradation may happen at higher temperatures. Temperature optimization in SBWE makes it possible to be more efficient in extracting APIs from medicinal herbs than the THD method. Compared to other industrial processes of producing herbal medicine, subcritical water extraction eliminates toxic organic solvents. Thus, subcritical water extraction is not only environmentally friendly but also produces safer herbal medicine for patients.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8001979 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061634 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Compositional changes and physiological activities of fresh ginseng extracts prepared at various temperatures in subcritical water.
J Ginseng Res
January 2025
Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Background: Subcritical water (SW) is regarded as an effective conversion technology for lignocellulosic biomass. The effect of SW on ginseng are limited to evaluate the ginsenoside composition of red ginseng, and there is little information on the effects of SW on fresh ginseng.
Methods: The general characteristics of ginseng extracts (GE) prepared with SW were evaluated in terms of brix, reducing sugar and residual solid content, and compositions of GE was estimated using chromatography.
Influence of the Cellulose Purification Method on the Properties of PVA Composites with Almond Shell Fibres.
Molecules
January 2025
Institute of Food Engineering-FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- Almond shells (ASs) can be sustainably used to produce cellulose for biocomposites made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for eco-friendly packaging.
- The production process involved extracting cellulose using subcritical water at high temperatures, followed by purification with either sodium chlorite or hydrogen peroxide, which affected the properties of the resulting biocomposites.
- Cellulose treated with sodium chlorite showed better dispersion and improved mechanical properties in the composites, enhancing their resistance to moisture and oxygen, making them suitable for food packaging.
Hydraulic performance of a pre-aerated stilling basin: Experimental study.
PLoS One
January 2025
School of Hydraulic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Spillway chutes are critical in dam flood control, particularly in high dams where high water heads and large discharge in narrow canyons amplify the demand for safe discharging. For large unit discharges in spillways, aeration protection is essential to prevent cavitation erosion, but challenges arise from air duct choking in the traditional spillway and nonaerated regions in the stepped spillway. This paper introduces a novel spillway called the pre-aerated stilling basin spillway (PSBS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-concentration hydrogels of κ-carrageenan prepared using subcritical water.
Carbohydr Polym
March 2025
Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
κ-Carrageenan hydrogels have been prepared at very high concentrations beyond the previous limit of conventional κ-carrageenan hydrogels. By dissolving κ-carrageenan using subcritical water at 150 °C, homogeneous translucent hydrogels have been obtained from 15 wt% to 40 wt%. The high-concentration hydrogels have exceptionally high Young's modulus (E) ranging 10-10 Pa and exhibit an unknown concentration (c)-dependence of E ∝ c.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolation, Purification, and Characterization of Lentinus edodes Polysaccharides Extracted with Subcritical Water Enhanced with Deep Eutectic Solvent.
Chem Biodivers
January 2025
Yangzhou University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Huayang west road, 225127, Yangzhou, CHINA.
The Lentinus edodes polysaccharide (LEP) was extracted with a new subcritical water extraction (SWE) enhanced with deep eutectic solvent (DES) method and then purified with a DEAE-52 cellulose column and a Sephadex G-100 column. Two purified polysaccharides (LEP1 and LEP2) were obtained and their structure, antioxidant activity, and immunomodulatory activity were analyzed. LEP1 and LEP2 were composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1:12.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!