A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_session7amjehlu62iemba6ratdmpgv6tukaj8p): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 3100

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Post-Translational Modifications of Retroviral HIV-1 Gag Precursors: An Overview of Their Biological Role. | LitMetric

Post-Translational Modifications of Retroviral HIV-1 Gag Precursors: An Overview of Their Biological Role.

Int J Mol Sci

Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, IBMC, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 2 allée Konrad Roentgen, CEDEX F-67084 Strasbourg, France.

Published: March 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in eukaryotes, influencing protein functions and signaling, and are involved in viral interactions with host cells, especially during infections.
  • - The HIV-1 Gag precursor (Pr55) undergoes various PTMs such as myristoylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, which impact its role in viral RNA recruitment, genome packaging, and viral replication.
  • - This review highlights how PTMs affect Gag precursor trafficking and membrane anchoring for viral assembly, and also compares PTMs across different retroviral Gag proteins to explore their importance in the retroviral life cycle.

Article Abstract

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) play key roles in eukaryotes since they finely regulate numerous mechanisms used to diversify the protein functions and to modulate their signaling networks. Besides, these chemical modifications also take part in the viral hijacking of the host, and also contribute to the cellular response to viral infections. All domains of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag precursor of 55-kDa (Pr55), which is the central actor for viral RNA specific recruitment and genome packaging, are post-translationally modified. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about HIV-1 Pr55 PTMs such as myristoylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, methylation, and ISGylation in order to figure out how these modifications affect the precursor functions and viral replication. Indeed, in HIV-1, PTMs regulate the precursor trafficking between cell compartments and its anchoring at the plasma membrane, where viral assembly occurs. Interestingly, PTMs also allow Pr55 to hijack the cell machinery to achieve viral budding as they drive recognition between viral proteins or cellular components such as the ESCRT machinery. Finally, we will describe and compare PTMs of several other retroviral Gag proteins to give a global overview of their role in the retroviral life cycle.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000049PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062871DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

post-translational modifications
8
hiv-1 gag
8
viral
7
ptms
5
modifications retroviral
4
hiv-1
4
retroviral hiv-1
4
gag precursors
4
precursors overview
4
overview biological
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!