An implementation of the three-component one-pot approach to unsymmetrical 1,3,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles into combinatorial chemistry is described. The procedure is based on the coupling of amidines with carboxylic acids and subsequent cyclization with hydrazines. After the preliminary assessment of the reagent scope, the method had 81% success rate in parallel synthesis. It was shown that over a billion-sized chemical space of readily accessible ("REAL") compounds may be generated based on the proposed methodology. Analysis of physicochemical parameters shows that the library contains significant fractions of both drug-like and "beyond-rule-of-five" members. More than 10 million of accessible compounds meet the strictest lead-likeness criteria. Additionally, 195 Mln of sp-enriched compounds can be produced. This makes the proposed approach a valuable tool in medicinal chemistry.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11030-021-10218-2 | DOI Listing |
RSC Adv
January 2025
Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam
Podophyllotoxin, along with its numerous derivatives and related compounds, is well known for its broad-spectrum pharmacological activity, especially for anticancer potential. In this study, several isatin-podophyllotoxin hybrid compounds were successfully synthesized with good yields through microwave-prompted three-component reactions of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone, various substituted isatins, and tetronic acid. Their cytotoxicity was assessed against four types of human cancer cell lines, HepG2 (hepatoma carcinoma), MCF7 (breast cancer), A549 (non-small lung cancer), and KB (epidermoid carcinoma), alongside nontumorigenic HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDecades after their initial observation in prion-infected brain tissues, the identities of virus-like dense particles, varicose tubules, and oval bodies containing parallel bands and fibrils have remained elusive. Our recent work revealed that a phenotype of dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), most notable for the perinuclear space (PNS), contributes to spongiform degeneration. To assess the significance of this phenotype for the etiology of prion diseases, we explored whether it can be functionally linked to other neuropathological hallmarks observed in these diseases, as this would indicate it to be a central event.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Pharmacol Drug Dev
January 2025
Clinical Research Unit, PPD, Austin, TX, USA.
This Phase I, randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group, single-dose study assessed the relative bioavailability of the anti-interleukin-5 antibody depemokimab (100 mg) when administered subcutaneously via either a safety syringe device (SSD) or an autoinjector (AI). Healthy adult participants were randomized I:I to SSD or AI treatment arms and I:I:I to the injection site (upper arm, abdomen, or thigh). Participants were followed up for 30 weeks; blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic (PK) assessment before dosing on Day 1 and up to Week 26.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
Inflammation-associated perturbations of the gut microbiome are well characterized, but poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that disparate taxa recapitulate the metabolism of the oxidized sugars glucarate and galactarate, utilizing enzymatically divergent, yet functionally equivalent, gud/gar pathways. The divergent pathway in commensals includes a putative 5-KDG aldolase (GudL) and an uncharacterized ABC transporter (GarABC) that recapitulate the function of their non-homologous counterparts in pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2025
Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are associated with familial Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 phosphorylates Rab guanosine triphosphatase (GTPases) within the Switch II domain while PINK1 directly phosphorylates Parkin and ubiquitin (Ub) and indirectly induces phosphorylation of a subset of Rab GTPases. Herein we have crossed LRRK2 [R1441C] mutant knock-in mice with PINK1 knock-out (KO) mice and report that loss of PINK1 does not impact endogenous LRRK2-mediated Rab phosphorylation nor do we see significant effect of mutant LRRK2 on PINK1-mediated Rab and Ub phosphorylation.
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