Genomics of aging: Glycosylation.

This third article in the Genomics of Aging series explores the process of glycosylation and how abnormal glycosylation contributes to aging and disease (i.e., diabetes, cardiovascular disease [CVD], neurological disorder, and cancer). Glycosylation is an important posttranslational process that contributes to normal protein folding, cell adhesion, protein stability, and motility. Gradual accumulation of molecular errors contributes to the aging process, and specific genetic variants in this pathway have been identified in cancer, CVD, aging, and vulnerability to disease progression. Manipulating glycosylation pathways may be beneficial in reducing disease risk in the future. Smoking cessation has been shown to reverse epigenetic changes in glycosylation pathways that increase cancer, CVD, and all-cause mortality risk, and CVD risk may be reduced if a dimeric glycosylated fusion protein pathway can be regulated. Selective food sources and synthetic vitamins and antioxidants have been shown to support normal glycosylation and help in the cell repair process.