AI Article Synopsis
- Plants have a defense mechanism that involves actin remodeling when faced with bacterial infections.
- Two specific bacterial virulence factors (VFs) from Xanthomonas campestris—DSF and flagellin—play a role in this process by affecting how formin, a protein involved in actin polymerization, behaves.
- The study highlights that the interaction and organization of formin on the plasma membrane are crucial for rapid actin changes during immune responses and depend on the plant's structural composition.
Article Abstract
Plants respond to bacterial infection acutely with actin remodeling during plant immune responses. The mechanisms by which bacterial virulence factors (VFs) modulate plant actin polymerization remain enigmatic. Here, we show that plant-type-I formin serves as the molecular sensor for actin remodeling in response to two bacterial VFs: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) diffusible signal factor (DSF), and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Both VFs regulate actin assembly by tuning the clustering and nucleation activity of formin on the plasma membrane (PM) at the nano-sized scale. By being integrated within the cell-wall-PM-actin cytoskeleton (CW-PM-AC) continuum, the dynamic behavior and function of formins are highly dependent on each scaffold layer's composition within the CW-PM-AC continuum during both DSF and PTI signaling. Our results reveal a central mechanism for rapid actin remodeling during plant-bacteria interactions, in which bacterial signaling molecules fine tune plant formin nanoclustering in a host mechanical-structure-dependent manner.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108884 | DOI Listing |
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