Pathophysiology and inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein for prevention of cardiovascular diseases: An update.

The enzyme cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), involved in cholesterol metabolism and transportation, is one of the main causes of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). When the CETP concentration is decreased by CETP inhibitors (e.g., anacetrapib, torcetrapib, obicetrapib, etc.), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are formed and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is decreased along with cholesterol transportation alteration, which reduces the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss the role of CETP inhibitors in reducing well-known 'bad' cholesterols and the current status of trials of different CETP inhibitors, their adverse effects, and limitations, as well as the pathophysiology of CETP.