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Divergent Contribution of Cytoplasmic Actins to Nuclear Structure of Lung Cancer Cells.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Scientific Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
A growing body of evidence suggests that actin plays a role in nuclear architecture, genome organisation, and regulation. Our study of human lung adenocarcinoma cells demonstrates that the equilibrium between actin isoforms affects the composition of the nuclear lamina, which in turn influences nuclear stiffness and cellular behaviour. The downregulation of β-actin resulted in an increase in nuclear area, accompanied by a decrease in A-type lamins and an enhancement in lamin B2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlatelets accelerate lipid peroxidation and induce pathogenic neutrophil extracellular trap release.
Cell Chem Biol
December 2024
Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. Electronic address:
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an important host defense mechanism, are assembled after the release of decondensed chromatin and other nuclear components by a process termed NETosis. However, excessive NET release destroys surrounding tissues, leading to conditions such as sepsis where platelets are implicated in the pathogenic switch of NETosis. Here, we show that platelets trigger iron accumulation and promote lipid peroxide production in neutrophils co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and platelets in vitro, resulting in the induction of NETosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChromomeres, Topologically Associating Domains and Structural Organization of Chromatin Bodies in Somatic Nuclei (Macronuclei) of Ciliates.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
November 2024
Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Background: In the twentieth century, the textbook idea of packaging genomic material in the cell nucleus and metaphase chromosomes was the presence of a hierarchy of structural levels of chromatin organization: nucleosomes - nucleosomal fibrils -30 nm fibrils - chromomeres - chromonemata - mitotic chromosomes. Chromomeres were observed in partially decondensed chromosomes and interphase chromatin as ~100 nm globular structures. They were thought to consist of loops of chromatin fibres attached at their bases to a central protein core.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantitative Live-Cell Imaging to Study Chromatin Segregation and Nuclear Reformation.
Methods Mol Biol
November 2024
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Live-cell imaging is a powerful tool for the investigation of different steps of the life and fate of single cells and cell populations. In this chapter, we describe how to perform live-cell imaging in tissue culture cells and the subsequent image analysis to precisely characterize the cytological events occurring during mitotic exit and nuclear reformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow Do ROS Induce NETosis? Oxidative DNA Damage, DNA Repair, and Chromatin Decondensation.
Biomolecules
October 2024
Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate, DNA-based, web-like structures adorned with cytotoxic proteins. They play a crucial role in antimicrobial defense but are also implicated in autoimmune diseases and tissue injury. The process of NET formation, known as NETosis, is a regulated cell death mechanism that involves the release of these structures and is unique to neutrophils.
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