Recent advances in methods for making cerebral organoids have opened a window of opportunity to directly study human brain development and disease, countering limitations inherent in non-human-based approaches. Whether freely patterned, guided into a region-specific fate or fused into assembloids, organoids have successfully recapitulated key features of in vivo neurodevelopment, allowing its examination from early to late stages. Although organoids have enormous potential, their effective use relies on understanding the extent of their limitations in accurately reproducing specific processes and components in the developing human brain. Here we review the potential of cerebral organoids to model and study human brain development and evolution and discuss the progress and current challenges in their use for reproducing specific human neurodevelopmental processes.
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Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA, Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Background: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) can study the susceptibility values of brain tissue which allows for noninvasive examination of local brain iron levels in both normal and pathological conditions.
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Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 760 Press Ave, 124 HKRB, Lexington, KY, 40536-0679, USA.
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