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Background: Pneumonia is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, mostly caused by different species of bacterial pathogens. Hence, patient management needs awareness of the pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). This study was aimed to assess the type of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among pneumonia suspected patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Potential risk factors were also assessed to apply preventive measures accordingly.
Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed among pneumonia suspected patients from February to April 2020 at Dessie Referral Hospital. Sociodemographic characteristics and associated risk factors were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and clinical data were extracted by reviewing medical records. Sputum specimens were collected and inoculated into chocolate agar, blood agar, mannitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar which are then incubated at 35°C or 37°C for 24-48 hours. Bacterial species were identified based on Gram stain, colony characteristics, and biochemical techniques. The data were entered in to Epi-Info version 7.1.5 and analyzed with SPSS software version 20. value <0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.
Results: A total of 406 sputum specimens were collected and cultured, among which 157 (38.7%) were positive for different bacterial pathogens. The predominant pathogens were (28.0%), (24.8%), (18.5%), and (14.0%). Majority of the isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin with 81.5% followed by penicillin with 75.9% and amoxicillin-clavulanate with 61.2%. Multivariable logistic regression showed a significant association of culture positivity with older age (AOR = 2.43, CI: 1.12-5.28, value = 0.025), cigarette smoking (AOR = 4.67, CI: 2.39-9.20, value <0.001), and alcohol use (AOR = 5.58, CI: 3.14-9.92, value <0.001). Resistance to ampicillin and penicillin was associated with repeated prescription and use.
Conclusions: This study found high prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in the study area, and high rate of bacterial resistance was observed in ampicillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Repeated prescriptions and use of antimicrobials were significantly independent factors of bacterial resistance. Therefore, patient management needs identification of bacteria by routine culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7964111 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6680343 | DOI Listing |
J Health Popul Nutr
December 2024
School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Background: Foodborne illness is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. Young adults, aged 18-26 (including undergraduates and recent graduates), are especially vulnerable to the onset of unhealthy eating habits and nutritional imbalances as they begin living independently, often away from their families. This research aims to identify the risk factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to safe food handling among residential university students.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Health Popul Nutr
December 2024
Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Background: The link between regional body fat distribution and overactive bladder (OAB) in prior epidemiological research has been uncertain. Our objective is to assess the relationship between increased regional body fat and the prevalence of OAB.
Methods: Within this analysis, 8,084 individuals aged 20 years and older were selected from NHANES surveys conducted from 2011 to 2018.
J Health Popul Nutr
December 2024
Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a significant global public health dilemma with wide-ranging social and economic implications. Diet and lifestyle modifications remain essential components of NAFLD management. The current study investigated the association between diet-related inflammation and NAFLD among 3110 Iranian adults participating in the Amol Cohort Study (AmolCS), employing the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Medical Affairs, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Background: This study explored the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), physical pain, and depressive symptoms, and examined the mediating role of pain in the correlation between ACE and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese (over the age of 45).
Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analysis the association between ACE, physical pain, and depressive symptoms. To assess the mediating role of physical pain in the relationship between ACE and depressive symptoms, mediation analysis was conducted.
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