Aerosols still present the largest uncertainty in estimating anthropogenic radiative forcing. Cloud processing is potentially important for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, a major aerosol component: however, laboratory experiments fail to mimic this process under atmospherically relevant conditions. We developed a wetted-wall flow reactor to simulate aqueous-phase processing of isoprene oxidation products (iOP) in cloud droplets. We find that 50 to 70% (in moles) of iOP partition into the aqueous cloud phase, where they rapidly react with OH radicals, producing SOA with a molar yield of 0.45 after cloud droplet evaporation. Integrating our experimental results into a global model, we show that clouds effectively boost the amount of SOA. We conclude that, on a global scale, cloud processing of iOP produces 6.9 Tg of SOA per year or approximately 20% of the total biogenic SOA burden and is the main source of SOA in the mid-troposphere (4 to 6 km).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe2952 | DOI Listing |
Org Biomol Chem
December 2024
Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
A domino approach towards β-carboline natural product taraxacine A and its analogues was developed. The main step relies on a silver(I) and base co-catalysed imidate-alkyne cyclization. The reaction tolerates primary and secondary alcohols, and various substitutions in the indole are possible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, GBR.
Bone healing is a complex, dynamic process involving a series of well-coordinated stages, influenced by both mechanical and biological factors. The skeletal system, composed of inorganic (36%), organic (36%), and water (28%) components by volume, plays a crucial role in maintaining structural integrity and mineral homeostasis. Bone is classified into two main types based on microstructure: lamellar and woven bone, with lamellar bone being stronger and more durable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEBS J
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a uniquely versatile protein with diverse catalytic activities, such as transglutaminase, protein disulfide isomerase, GTPase and protein kinase, and participates in several biological processes. According to information available in the RBP2GO database, TG2 can act as an RNA-binding protein (RBP). RBPs participate in posttranscriptional gene expression regulation, therefore influencing the function of RNA, whereas RNA molecules can also modulate the biological activity of RBPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, POB 1179, Cairo, Egypt.
The manipulation of cultivation conditions in addition to environmental changes is a key factor affecting the growth, secondary metabolites production, and the biological activity of the plant. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of foliar spray of ethephon, water stress, organic and inorganic fertilizers on the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the fruit oil of Foeniculum vulgare, Miller, var. dulce and its vegetative growth and oil composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
December 2024
Northwest A&F University, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Xinong Lu 22, 712100, Yangling, CHINA.
Antibiotics have emerged as a significant class of organic pollutants, posing serious global challenges to both the environment and human health. To address the issue of water pollution by antibiotics, a ferrocene-based organic framework (FcMOF) with paramagnetism has been synthesized by hydrothermal complexation of ferrocene dicarboxylic acid with copper chloride and utilized for quick and efficient adsorption and breakdown of antibiotics. The maximum adsorption capacity of TC was 736.
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