Hyperbaric oxygen treatment: Results in seven patients with severe bacterial postoperative central nervous system infections and refractory mucormycosis.

Introduction: Resistant bacterial infections following brain and spine surgery and spontaneous mucormycosis with central nervous system (CNS) involvement represent a serious treatment challenge and more efficient therapeutic approaches ought to be considered. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has shown promise as a complementary therapy. This case series evaluated whether HBOT contributed to infection resolution in seven patients with refractory CNS infectious conditions.

Methods: Clinical results for seven patients referred for HBOT between 2010 to 2018 to treat refractory postoperative brain and spine infections or spontaneously developing mucormycosis were retrospectively analysed. The patients' clinical files and follow-up consultations were reviewed to assess evolution and outcome.

Results: Seven patients were referred with a median age of 56 years. The median follow-up was 20 months. Four patients had postoperative infections and three had rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). HBOT was used as an adjunctive treatment to antimicrobial therapy in all patients. Prior to HBOT, all patients had undergone an average of four operations due to infection refractoriness and had completed an average of five months of antimicrobial therapy. After HBOT, infection resolution was obtained in six patients without additional operations, while one patient with ROCM stopped HBOT after the third session due to intolerance. Three patients stopped antimicrobial therapy while four were maintained on prophylactic treatment.

Conclusions: Infection resolution was reached in the six patients that completed HBOT as prescribed. HBOT may serve as an effective complementary treatment in CNS refractory postoperative and spontaneous infections.