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Interrelated impacts of climate and land-use change on a widespread waterbird. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Climate and land-use changes significantly impact species distribution and abundance, making it difficult to measure their combined effects on population dynamics due to factors like time lags and data limitations.* -
  • A unique integrated population model was developed to assess future survival and reproductive success of common loons in Northern Wisconsin, revealing that climate factors like the North Atlantic Oscillation and land development negatively affect adult survival and fecundity.* -
  • Despite potential compensatory responses, projections indicate that loon populations will decline under various future scenarios, particularly in relation to ongoing climate change and its wider impacts from the North Atlantic region.*

Article Abstract

Together climate and land-use change play a crucial role in determining species distribution and abundance, but measuring the simultaneous impacts of these processes on current and future population trajectories is challenging due to time lags, interactive effects and data limitations. Most approaches that relate multiple global change drivers to population changes have been based on occurrence or count data alone. We leveraged three long-term (1995-2019) datasets to develop a coupled integrated population model-Bayesian population viability analysis (IPM-BPVA) to project future survival and reproductive success for common loons Gavia immer in northern Wisconsin, USA, by explicitly linking vital rates to changes in climate and land use. The winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a broad-scale climate index, immediately preceding the breeding season and annual changes in developed land cover within breeding areas both had strongly negative influences on adult survival. Local summer rainfall was negatively related to fecundity, though this relationship was mediated by a lagged interaction with the winter NAO, suggesting a compensatory population-level response to climate variability. We compared population viability under 12 future scenarios of annual land-use change, precipitation and NAO conditions. Under all scenarios, the loon population was expected to decline, yet the steepest declines were projected under positive NAO trends, as anticipated with ongoing climate change. Thus, loons breeding in the northern United States are likely to remain affected by climatic processes occurring thousands of miles away in the North Atlantic during the non-breeding period of the annual cycle. Our results reveal that climate and land-use changes are differentially contributing to loon population declines along the southern edge of their breeding range and will continue to do so despite natural compensatory responses. We also demonstrate that concurrent analysis of multiple data types facilitates deeper understanding of the ecological implications of anthropogenic-induced change occurring at multiple spatial scales. Our modelling approach can be used to project demographic responses of populations to varying environmental conditions while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty, an increasingly pressing need in the face of unprecedented global change.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13444DOI Listing

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