In the one-dimensional description, the interaction of a solute molecule with the channel wall is characterized by the potential of mean force U(x), where the x-coordinate is measured along the channel axis. When the molecule can reversibly bind to certain amino acid(s) of the protein forming the channel, this results in a localized well in the potential U(x). Alternatively, this binding can be modeled by introducing a discrete localized site, in addition to the continuum of states along x. Although both models may predict identical equilibrium distributions of the coordinate x, there is a fundamental difference between the two: in the first model, the molecule passing through the channel unavoidably visits the potential well, while in the latter, it may traverse the channel without being trapped at the discrete site. Here, we show that when the two models are parameterized to have the same thermodynamic properties, they automatically yield identical translocation probabilities and mean translocation times, yet they predict qualitatively different shapes of the translocation time distribution. Specifically, the potential well model yields a narrower distribution than the model with a discrete site, a difference that can be quantified by the distribution's coefficient of variation. This coefficient turns out to be always smaller than unity in the potential well model, whereas it may exceed unity when a discrete trapping site is present. Analysis of the translocation time distribution beyond its mean thus offers a way to differentiate between distinct translocation mechanisms.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0044044 | DOI Listing |
BMC Med Educ
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Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Background: The dental industry is associated with significant environmental impacts so there is a growing need for eco-friendly practices in dentistry. This study aimed to assess dental interns' knowledge and practices regarding eco-friendly dentistry before and after the implementation of the environmental educational program.
Methods: An interventional quasi-experimental study (one group pre-test-post-test design) was conducted on 69 intern dentists at the Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University.
BMC Health Serv Res
January 2025
Institute for Health Services Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic entailed a global health crisis, significantly affecting medical service delivery in Germany as well as elsewhere. While intensive care capacities were overloaded by COVID cases, not only elective cases but also non-COVID cases requiring urgent treatment unexpectedly decreased, potentially leading to a deterioration in health outcomes. However, these developments were only uncovered retrospectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Neurol
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Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrim Behav Ment Health
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Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Background: This article is dedicated to David Farrington who was a giant in criminology and, in particular, a pioneer in studying developmental pathways of delinquent and antisocial behaviour. Numerous studies followed his work. Systematic reviews of his and others' research described between two and seven (mainly 3-5) trajectories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Med (Lond)
January 2025
Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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