AI Article Synopsis

  • The study focuses on addressing safety concerns related to low doses of BMP-2 by combining it with melatonin (MEL) and using suitable carriers for better osteogenic activity.
  • The researchers created a scaffold-based dual release system using PLGA microparticles to deliver MEL and BMP-2, which showed improved results in osteoblast cell cultures compared to single agent groups.
  • Results indicated higher cell density, better expression of differentiation markers (RUNX2 and ALP), and greater mineralization in the dual release group, confirming the efficacy of low dose BMP-2 combined with MEL.

Article Abstract

The growing safety problems about the use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is one of the recent issues that was improved by using low doses of BMP-2 with the support of other osteoinductive agents and/or using appropriate carriers. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of scaffold-based dual release system including melatonin (MEL) and BMP-2 loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles on the osteogenic activity of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. MEL and BMP-2 loaded microparticles were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method in the average diameters of ~2 µm and ~11 µm, respectively and loaded into chitosan/hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds. In vitro MC3T3-E1 culture studies were carried out comparatively with blank scaffolds, single (BMP-2 or MEL) releasing groups and dual (BMP-2 and MEL) releasing group. Microscopic observations and hematoxylin/eosin staining showed enhanced number of cells and dense ECM in dual release group. The expressions of differentiation markers, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and also mineralization were higher in dual release group than that of the other groups. Our findings showed that BMP-2 at low doses (~20 ng per scaffold) was sufficient in terms of osteogenic activity with controlled release systems where it was used in combination with MEL (~10 µg per scaffold).

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120489DOI Listing

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