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Eco-evolutionary dynamics of adapting pathogens and host immunity.
Elife
December 2024
Biozentrum, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
As pathogens spread in a population of hosts, immunity is built up, and the pool of susceptible individuals are depleted. This generates selective pressure, to which many human RNA viruses, such as influenza virus or SARS-CoV-2, respond with rapid antigenic evolution and frequent emergence of immune evasive variants. However, the host's immune systems adapt, and older immune responses wane, such that escape variants only enjoy a growth advantage for a limited time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbstractTheoretical studies from diverse areas of population biology have shown that demographic stochasticity can substantially impact evolutionary dynamics in finite populations, including scenarios where traits that are disfavored by natural selection can nevertheless increase in frequency through the course of evolution. Here, we analytically describe the eco-evolutionary dynamics of finite populations from demographic first principles. We investigate how noise-induced effects can alter the evolutionary fate of populations in which total population size may vary stochastically over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLinking selection to demography in experimental evolution of active death in a unicellular organism.
Proc Biol Sci
December 2024
CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Deciphering how natural selection emerges from demographic differences among genotypes, and reciprocally how evolution affects population dynamics, is key to understanding population responses to environmental stress. This is especially true in non-trivial ecological scenarios, such as programmed cell death (PCD) in unicellular organisms, which can lead to massive population decline in response to stress. To understand how selection may operate on this trait, we exposed monocultures and mixtures of two closely related strains of the microalga , one of which induces PCD, to multiple cycles of hyper-osmotic shocks, and tracked demography and selection throughout.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEco-evolutionary dynamics of host-microbiome interactions in a natural population of closely related mouse subspecies and their hybrids.
Proc Biol Sci
December 2024
Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Biology, Humboldt University Berlin (HU). Philippstr. 13 Haus 14, Berlin 10115, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Host species that are closely related have similar microbial communities, but the roles of genetic admixture and environment on these communities are not well understood.
- The study examined the effects of host genetic differences and environmental factors on the gut microbiomes (including bacteria, fungi, and parasites) of two subspecies of house mice and their hybrids, both in the wild and in laboratory settings.
- Results showed that environmental factors predominantly shaped microbiome composition, while genetic differences had a significant impact, especially on fungi, indicating that host genetics and environmental influences are crucial for understanding host-microbiome interactions.
The concept of "indirect evolutionary rescue" refers to the evolutionary adaptation of an interacting species that can save a focal species from extinction in an unfavorable environment. Although theories suggest that indirect evolutionary rescue may have essential impacts on catchments in the context of fisheries where artificial selection pressure from fishing can drive evolution, its generality and conditions remain uncertain. In this study, by investigating how prey adaptation affects the persistence of a predator subjected to selective harvest with an eco-evolutionary predator-prey model, we find that prey adaptation tends to deteriorate (facilitate) predator persistence when predator's evolvability is high (low).
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