The ballistocardiogram (BCG), a cardiac vibration signal, has been widely investigated for continuous monitoring of heart rate (HR). Among BCG sensing modalities, a hospital bed with multi-channel load-cells could provide robust HR estimation in hospital setups. In this work, we present a novel array processing technique to improve the existing HR estimation algorithm by optimizing the fusion of information from multiple channels. The array processing includes a Gaussian curve to weight the joint probability according to the reference value obtained from the previous inter-beat-interval (IBI) estimations. Additionally, the probability density functions were selected and combined according to their reliability measured by q-values. We demonstrate that this array processing significantly reduces the HR estimation error compared to state-of-the-art multi-channel heartbeat detection algorithms in the existing literature. In the best case, the average mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.76 bpm in the supine position was achieved compared to 2.68 bpm and 1.91 bpm for two state-of-the-art methods from the existing literature. Moreover, the lowest error was found in the supine posture (1.76 bpm) and the highest in the lateral posture (3.03 bpm), thus elucidating the postural effects on HR estimation. The IBI estimation capability was also evaluated, with a MAE of 16.66 ms and confidence interval (95%) of 38.98 ms. The results demonstrate that improved HR estimation can be obtained for a bed-based BCG system with the multi-channel data acquisition and processing approach described in this work.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2021.3066885 | DOI Listing |
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
January 2025
Microsystems Group, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
The increasing demand for processing large volumes of data for machine learning (ML) models has pushed data bandwidth requirements beyond the capability of traditional von Neumann architecture. In-memory computing (IMC) has recently emerged as a promising solution to address this gap by enabling distributed data storage and processing at the micro-architectural level, significantly reducing both latency and energy. In this article, we present In-Memory comPuting architecture based on Y-FlAsh technology for Coalesced Tsetlin machine inference (IMPACT), underpinned on a cutting-edge memory device, Y-Flash, fabricated on a 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhilos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
January 2025
IBM Research-Europe, 8803 Rüschlikon, Zurich, Switzerland.
Encryption and decryption of data with very low latency and high energy efficiency is desirable in almost every application that deals with sensitive data. The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a widely adopted algorithm in symmetric key cryptography with numerous efficient implementations. Nonetheless, in scenarios involving extensive data processing, the primary limitations on performance and efficiency arise from data movement between memory and the processor, rather than data processing itself.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
Herein, we introduce a scandium-catalyzed synthetic strategy that provides access to a diverse and functionalized array of cyclobutene frameworks adorned with a quaternary carbon center. This approach broadens the synthetic repertoire of 2-alkynylnaphthols with alkenes, offering a versatile platform for the construction of complex molecular architectures. The asymmetric catalytic [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction demonstrates a wide substrate scope and an impressive functional group tolerance, yielding products with high efficiency, up to 97% yield, and excellent enantiomeric excess of up to 97%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) enables high-resolution, wide-field imaging of both amplitude and phase, presenting significant potential for applications in digital pathology and cell biology. However, artifacts commonly observed at the boundaries of reconstructed images can significantly degrade imaging quality and phase retrieval accuracy. These boundary artifacts are typically attributed to the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) on non-periodic images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed Phys
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Background: Radiofrequency (RF) transmit arrays play a crucial role in various MRI applications, offering enhanced field control and improved imaging capabilities. Designing and optimizing these arrays, particularly in high-field MRI settings, poses challenges related to coupling, resonance, and construction imperfections. Numerical electromagnetic simulation methods effectively aid in the initial design, but discrepancies between simulated and fabricated arrays often necessitate fine-tuning.
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