Exploring dysregulated miRNAs in cryptorchidism: a systematic review.

Objective: To identify dysregulated miRNAs in testicular tissues from animal models and patients with cryptorchidism.

Methods: Databases were systematically searched for studies published before 10 May 2020 that had investigated miRNAs in cryptorchidism. Predicted targets of the identified miRNA biomarkers were obtained by searching TargetScan and Starbase. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were subsequently conducted.

Results: Five publications met the eligibility criteria for the review. 21 differentially expressed miRNAs were the most abundantly reported in 185 animal and human tissue samples. Three miRNAs (miR-210, miR-449a and miR-34c) were dysregulated in both animal and human testicular tissues. The top five relevant lncRNAs associated with the miRNAs were NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, XIST, AC005154.1, and TUG1.

Conclusions: Further research is warranted to explore the potential of these dysregulated miRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for male infertility associated with cryptorchidism.