To determine if different stimuli cause secretion of different proteins in lacrimal gland fluid (LGF), rabbits were anesthetized and LGF collected under baseline conditions (with the local anesthetic proparacaine), with ocular reflexes present, and in response to arterial injection of the cholinergic agonist acetylcholine (ACh) or the peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Proteins in LGF were separated by nondenatured gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Except for minor differences, the number, the approximate molecular weights, and the amounts were the same in LGF secreted in response to four different stimuli. We concluded that the different stimuli caused protein release either from the same secretory cells or from different populations of secretory cells with the same secretory proteins.
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Biofactors
January 2025
Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
SARS-CoV-2-related proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, are determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although these proteins are expressed in oral-related tissues, their expression patterns and modulatory mechanisms in the salivary glands remain unknown. We herein showed that full-length ACE2, which has both a fully functional enzyme catalytic site and high-affinity SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-binding sites, was more highly expressed in salivary glands than in oral mucosal epithelial cells and the lungs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhu Eye Hospital, 378 Santan Road, Yijiang District, Anhui Province, Wuhu, 241002, China.
Background: Epiphora and secondary ocular surface damage are increasingly impairing the quality of life of people, particularly elderly women. We aimed to investigate the changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) complicated with obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction (OMGD) and preliminary explore the pathological mechanisms of OMGD in patients with PANDO.
Methods: The prospective study involved 43 and 41 postmenopausal women with and without PANDO, respectively.
Surv Ophthalmol
January 2025
Centre for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Prof. Krothapalli Ravindranath Ophthalmic Research Biorepository, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Electronic address:
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), defined as membrane-bound vesicles released from all cells, are being explored for their diagnostic and therapeutic role in dry eye disease (DED). We systematically shortlisted 32 articles on the role of EVs in diagnosing and treating DED. We cover the progress in the last 2 decades on the classification and isolation of EVs and their role in DED.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Purpose: To investigate the role of S100A8/A9 in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's dry eye disease (SjDED) and explore its potential mechanism of action.
Methods: S100A8/A9 expression was determined by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Tear secretion, corneal fluorescein staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate the effect of paquinimod, a S100A8/A9 inhibitor, on dry eye disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Purpose: This study investigated the impact of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the circadian rhythms and function of lacrimal glands (LGs) in contributing to dry eye syndrome. We assessed the effects of hyperglycemia on circadian gene expression, immune cell recruitment, neural activity, and metabolic pathways, and evaluated the effectiveness of insulin in restoring normal LG function.
Methods: Using a T2DM mouse model (db/db mice), circadian transcriptomic changes in LGs were analyzed through RNA sequencing over a 24-hour period.
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