As the life expectancy of the worldwide population increases, the number of hip fractures in the elderly cohort is expected to grow. It is important for surgeons to critically analyze available treatment options for these injuries, with the goal of optimizing outcomes and minimizing complications. Femoral neck fractures make up approximately half of all hip fractures. Nonoperative treatment of valgus-impacted and nondisplaced (Garden I and II) femoral neck fractures has high rates of secondary displacement, osteonecrosis, and nonunion; only patients with notable risk for perioperative complications are treated nonoperatively. Surgical intervention is the standard of care, with options including internal fixation (IF) with multiple cancellous screws or a sliding hip screw, hemiarthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty. Patients with a posterior tilt of greater than 20° have a high rate of revision surgery when treated with IF and may benefit from primary arthroplasty. Furthermore, primary arthroplasty has demonstrated lower revision surgery rates and equivalent postoperative mortality when compared with IF. Surgeons should be aware of the functional outcomes, complications, revision surgery rates, and mortality rates associated with each treatment modality to make a patient-specific decision regarding their care.
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