contains many opioids and is frequently used in agriculture. Both the intoxication and the withdrawal of opioids have a wide range of symptoms such as coma, depressed respiration and agitation. Here, a fatal case of opioid intoxication will be presented. A four-year-old female patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after ingesting raw poppy plants. She had shallow respiration, tachycardia, hypertension and muscle cramps. A high plasma opioid level was measured and bolus intravenous naloxone was administered which resulted in a brief gain of consciousness. She was intubated after a sudden respiratory depression and loss of consciousness 10 hours later. Naloxone infusion was started and continued for two days. She developed disseminated intravascular coagulation and was lost on day twelve. Raw plant ingestion proves difficult to treat since there is less information about the ingredients. Having no consensus on naloxone dosage and intrinsic complications such as hypo- and hypertension, redistribution, rhabdomyolysis and dysmotility disrupts naloxone administration. Ingestion of opioids as plants brings out different complications for the treatment course while deciding on naloxone dosage proves opioid intoxication difficult to treat.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13176 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Importance: Recreational use of drug-soaked paper strips (hereafter, strips) in correctional facilities poses a major public health risk owing to the diverse and potentially severe toxic effects of the substances they contain. Understanding the clinical manifestations and outcomes of exposure to these strips is important for developing effective management and prevention strategies.
Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations, management, and outcomes of intoxication from strips in a correctional facility population, and to identify the specific substances present in these strips.
medRxiv
December 2024
AI.Health4All Center for Health Equity using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Objectives: The accurate identification of Emergency Department (ED) encounters involving opioid misuse is critical for health services, research, and surveillance. We sought to develop natural language processing (NLP)-based models for the detection of ED encounters involving opioid misuse.
Methods: A sample of ED encounters enriched for opioid misuse was manually annotated and clinical notes extracted.
Clin J Pain
December 2024
Department of Public Health and Center for Health Statistics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
Objective: Neurocognitive symptoms (NCS) may be early indicators of opioid-related harm. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and potential attribution of opioid-related NCS among patients on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) by using natural language processing (NLP) to extract data from the electronic health records (EHR) within the Veterans Health Administration.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients prescribed LTOT in 2018.
J Assoc Physicians India
December 2024
Professor and Head, Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
This case report discusses an interesting instance of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by heroin abuse. Heroin, a potent opioid, has been linked to this life-threatening condition. A young man in his early twenties was found unconscious, displaying atypical symptoms such as tachycardia and tachypnea; later he landed up in ARDS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
November 2024
National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V. Le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Nitazenes represent a new synthetic opioids sub-class belonging to new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Their high pharmacological potency has led to numerous intoxications and fatalities, even at minimum doses. The aim of this study was to assess the stability of four nitazenes (etazene, flunitazene, isotonitazene and protonitazene) in dried blood spot (DBS) samples at different storage temperatures (room temperature and 4 °C) and determine the optimal storage conditions.
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