The development of safe and effective adjuvants is a critical goal of vaccine development programs. In this report, we defined the immunostimulatory profile and protective effect against aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of vaccine formulations incorporating the semi-crystalline adjuvant δ-inulin (Advax). Advax formulated with CpG oligonucleotide and the QS-21 saponin (Advax) was the most effective combination, demonstrated by the capacity of CysVac2/Advax to significantly reduce the bacterial burden in the lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected mice. CysVac2/Advax protection was associated with rapid influx of neutrophils, macrophages and monocytes to the site of vaccination and the induction of antigen-specific IFN-γ/IL-2/TNF polyfunctional CD4 T cells in the lung. When compared to the highly potent adjuvant combination of monophosphoryl lipid A and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (MPL/DDA), Advax imparted a similar level of protective efficacy yet without the profound stimulation of inflammatory cytokines and vaccination site ulceration observed with MPL/DDA. Addition of DDA to CysVac2/Advax further improved the protective effect of the vaccine, which correlated with increased polyfunctional CD4 T cells in the lung but with no increase in vaccine reactogenicity. The data demonstrate that Advax formulations can decouple protective tuberculosis immunity from reactogenicity, making them ideal candidates for human application.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.041 | DOI Listing |
Curr Microbiol
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
Tuberculosis (TB) is ranked as the third most prevalent infectious disease globally. Early detection and treatment are crucial for effective management. Conventional diagnostic methods primarily rely on sputum samples, which present challenges in accessibility and have limited accuracy in certain populations such as children, individuals with HIV, and those with extrapulmonary TB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAutophagy
December 2024
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
(Mtb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a significant global health challenge. Mtb is transmitted by respiratory aerosols and infects a variety of myeloid populations. Our recent study shows that the Mtb virulence lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) promotes the intracellular survival of Mtb in macrophages by inhibiting NADPH oxidase, thereby impairing LC3-associated phagocytosis, and in vivo PDIM also antagonizes canonical macroautophagy/autophagy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention and Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Effective subunit vaccines for tuberculosis (TB) must target antigenic components at various stages of infection. In this study, we constructed fusion proteins using secreted antigens from (), specifically ESAT6, CFP10, MPT64, and Rv2645 from the proliferation stage, along with latency-associated antigens Rv1738 and Rv1978. The resulting fusion proteins, designated LT33 (ESAT6-CFP10-Rv1738) and LT28 (MPT64-Rv1978-Rv2645), were combined with an adjuvant containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (PolyI:C), and cholesterol to construct subunit vaccines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv
December 2024
Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Drug resistant tuberculosis is a major public health concern, since the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to the most effective drugs against tuberculosis treatment ie., rifampicin and isoniazid. Globally, it accounts 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Transl Med
December 2024
Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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