In this article, we study the feedback Nash strategy of the model-free nonzero-sum difference game. The main contribution is to present the Q -learning algorithm for the linear quadratic game without prior knowledge of the system model. It is noted that the studied game is in finite horizon which is novel to the learning algorithms in the literature which are mostly for the infinite-horizon Nash strategy. The key is to characterize the Q -factors in terms of the arbitrary control input and state information. A numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2021.3052832 | DOI Listing |
Biomedicines
December 2024
Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes, which can progress to more severe conditions, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which may include progressive fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis, cancer, and death. This goal of this review is to highlight recent research showing the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in reducing the key pathogenic pathways of MASLD or MASH. Relevant published studies were identified using PubMed with one or more of the following search terms: MASLD, MASH, NAFLD, NASH, exosome, extracellular vesicle (EV), therapy, and/or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
December 2024
School of Modern Posts, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710061, China.
To investigate the dynamic complexity of chain-to-chain output decisions in a closed-loop supply chain system of cross-border e-commerce (CBEC), this study decomposes the system into four product-market (PM) chains, based on the e-commerce platform's information-sharing strategy and the manufacturer's selected logistics mode (direct mail or bonded warehouse). By combining game theory with complex systems theory, discrete dynamic models for output competition among PM chains under four scenarios are constructed. The Nash equilibrium solution and stability conditions of the models are derived according to the principles of nonlinear dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep Med
January 2025
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghhai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai 200233, China. Electronic address:
The effectiveness of established biomarkers for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) within the updated framework of steatotic liver disease (SLD) remains uncertain. This cohort study examines the association of four metabolic biomarkers-retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and osteocalcin-with SLD and its subtypes: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction with alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD)/alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). Among 3,504 Chinese participants aged 55-70, 938 (26.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1215 Guangrui Road, Wuxi, 214005, Jiangsu, China.
The novel diagnostic term Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) requires at least one cardiovascular risk factor for diagnosis. While the relationship between gallstones and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been debated, the association between MASLD and gallstones remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore this relationship using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2017 to 2020.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Cell Endocrinol
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY,11439, USA. Electronic address:
Liver fibrosis is potentially a reversible form of liver disease that evolved from the early stage of liver scarring as a consequence of chronic liver injuries. Recurrent injuries in the liver without any appropriate medication cause the injuries to get intense and deeper, which gradually leads to the progression of irreversible cirrhosis or carcinoma. Unfortunately, there are no approved treatment strategies for reversing hepatic fibrosis, making it one of the significant risk factors for developing advanced liver disorders and liver disease-associated mortality.
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