Targeted high volume hemofiltration could avoid extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in some patients with severe Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.

Background: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) has a high lethality. Severe cases may be rescued by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO), alongside substantial complications. High volume hemofiltration (HVHF) is a depurative technique that provides homeostatic balance allowing hemodynamic stabilization in some critically ill patients.

Methods: We implemented HVHF before VA ECMO consideration in the last five severe HCPS patients requiring mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs admitted to our intensive care unit. Patients were considered HVHF-responders if VA ECMO was avoided and HVHF-nonresponders if VA ECMO support was needed despite HVHF. A targeted-HVHF strategy compounded by aggressive hyperoncotic albumin, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium supplementation plus ultrafiltration to avoid fluid overload was implemented on three patients.

Results: Patients had maximum serum lactate of 8.8 (8.7-12.8) mmol/L and a lowest cardiac index of 1.8 (1.8-1.9) L/min/m . The first two required VA ECMO. They were connected later to HVHF, displayed progressive tachycardia and declining stroke volume. The opposite was true for HVHF-responders who received targeted-HVHF. All patients survived, but one of the VA ECMO patients suffered a vascular complication.

Conclusion: HVHF may contribute to support severe HCPS patients avoiding the need for VA ECMO in some. Early connection and targeted-HVHF may increase the chance of success.