Front Immunol
Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Published: September 2021
Natural Killer cell receptors allow this heterogeneous immune population to efficiently fight both tumors and infection, so their use as immunotherapy agents is an active field of research. Cytokine activation, particularly by myeloid cell-derived IL15, can induce potent NK anti-tumor responses. While studying the mechanism of action of intravesical instillations of (BCG) as therapy for patients with high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, we showed that BCG can activate a cytotoxic CD56 NK cell population which efficiently recognized bladder cancer cells. This pioneer immunotherapy provides an invaluable model to understand the role of different immune populations in tumor elimination. However, during the propagation of BCG worldwide a large number of genetically diverse BCG substrains developed. Here, we investigated the capacity of different BCG substrains to promote NK cell activation and confirmed that they were able to activate lymphocytes. Tice, Connaught and Moreau were the substrains with a stronger NK activation effect as measured by CD56 upregulation. Surprisingly, dead mycobacteria also stimulated PBMC cultures and we further demonstrate here that subcellular fractions of BCG-Tice, in the absence of live mycobacteria, could also induce an NK cell response. Lipids from BCG-Tice, but not from , stimulated NK cell activation and degranulation, whereas the aqueous fraction of either bacteria did not activate lymphocytes. However, delipidated BCG-Tice bacteria were able to activate effector cells (CD3CD56 and NK, CD3CD56). These data demonstrate that different components of mycobacteria can stimulate different immune subpopulations resulting in phenotypes suitable for cancer elimination.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.622995 | DOI Listing |
PLoS Genet
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Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin for Plant Sciences (IJPB), Versailles, France.
Gamete killers are genetic loci that distort segregation in the progeny of hybrids because the killer allele promotes the elimination of the gametes that carry the sensitive allele. They are widely distributed in eukaryotes and are important for understanding genome evolution and speciation. We had previously identified a pollen killer in hybrids between two distant natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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January 2025
Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Purpose Of Review: This review aims to explore the role of immune memory and trained immunity, focusing on how innate immune cells like monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells undergo long-term epigenetic and metabolic rewiring. Specifically, it examines the mechanisms by which trained immunity, often triggered by infection or vaccination, could impact cardiac processes and contribute to both protective and pathological responses within the cardiovascular system.
Recent Findings: Recent research demonstrates that vaccination and infection not only activate immune responses in circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages but also affect immune progenitor cells within the bone marrow environment, conferring lasting protection against heterologous infections.
Am J Reprod Immunol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Agricultural Extension Directorate, MAAR Damascus Syria.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFChin J Cancer Res
December 2024
Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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