The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of commensal and pathogenic on informally sold fresh produce in South Africa, who harbour and express antimicrobial resistance genes and therefore pose indirect risks to public health. The majority (85.71%) of isolates from spinach, apples, carrots, cabbage and tomatoes, were multidrug resistant (MDR). Resistance to Aminoglycoside (94.81%), Cephalosporin (93.51%), Penicillin (93.51%) and Chloramphenicol (87.01%) antibiotic classes were most prevalent. Antibiotic resistance genes detected included (89.29%), (82.14%), (53.57%), (46.43%), (41.07%), (51.79%), (58.93%) and (51.79%). A single isolate was found to harbour virulence factor. Moreover, isolates were grouped into the intra-intestinal infectious phylogenetic group E (28.57%), the rare group C (26.79%), the generalist group B1 (21.43%) and the human commensal group A (16.07%). Presence of MDR represents a transmission route and significant human health risk.
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