Objective: To determine whether a psychological intervention improves coping, post-concussion symptoms and decreases in-prison infractions in adult males with a history of traumatic brain injury.
Design: A single centre, randomised, wait-list, pilot study.
Setting: A high security prison in New Zealand.
Subjects: Fifty-five adult male participants who had experienced at least one traumatic brain injury in their lifetime (mean age 37.29 +/-9.81 years).
Intervention: A manualised ten session, in-person, group based combined Cognitive Behavioural Therapy /Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction intervention versus wait list control.
Main Measures: The Negative Affect Repair Questionnaire and Rivermead Post-concussion Symptom Questionnaire were completed at baseline, post-intervention (five weeks) and at 12 week follow up. In-prison misconduct charges and negative file notes were reviewed for the previous five weeks at each assessment time point.
Results: There was an improvement in the use of calming and distraction strategies in the intervention group from baseline ( = 17.38, SD = 3.57) to post-intervention ( = 18.67, SD = 3.84) and 12-week follow up ( = 18.13, SD = 2.63). Participants in the intervention group had significantly higher negative affect repair on the calming and distractive strategies subscale following completion of the intervention, compared to wait-list controls ( = 4.69, = 0.04) with a moderate effect size (η = 0.11). Improvements in use of calming and distractive strategies was not sustained at the twelve-week follow-up ( = 0.87, = 0.36). There was no-significant improvement on other negative affect subscales or for post-concussion symptoms or decrease in-prison infractions.
Conclusion: A manualised psychological intervention may have the potential to facilitate the development of positive coping strategies in prisoners with a history of traumatic brain injury.
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