We develop and demonstrate a method of optical phase modulation in the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique. The phase modulation in this paper is realized by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) operating in the Bragg diffraction regime. In this process, a light beam separated from a laser (780 nm) is sent through the AOM twice and coupled to a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Then, the light power coupling into the cavity is stabilized by modulating the optical amplitude with this AOM. The coupling light power is stabilized to a level of 10. In the meantime, the PDH error signal is obtained by modulating the optical phase with the same AOM. After the error signal is fed back to the laser current, the laser linewidth is suppressed to approximately 907.91 Hz. This method of phase modulation is simple and convenient, and we believe it can be widely used in modulation transfer spectroscopy and frequency-modulation sideband spectroscopy.
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Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Optical resolution photoacoustic imaging of uneven samples without z-scanning is transformative for the fast analysis and diagnosis of diseases. However, current approaches to elongate the depth of field (DOF) typically imply cumbersome postprocessing procedures, bulky optical element ensembles, or substantial excitation beam side lobes. Metasurface technology allows for the phase modulation of light and the miniaturization of imaging systems to wavelength-size thickness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are pivotal phase II metabolic enzymes facilitating the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) to various substrates. UGTs are classic type I transmembrane glycoproteins, mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. This review comprehensively explores UGTs, encompassing gene expression, functional characteristics, substrate specificity, and metabolic mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem B
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India.
The interaction of protein with nanoparticles (NPs) of varying shape and/or size boosts our understanding on their bioreactivity and establishes a comprehensive database for use in medicine, diagnosis, and therapeutic applications. The present study explores the interaction between lysozyme (LYZ) and different NPs like graphene oxide (GO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) having various shapes (spherical, 's', and rod-shaped, 'r') and sizes, focusing on their binding dynamics and subsequent effects on both the protein fibrillation and antimicrobial properties. Typically, GO is considered a promising medium due to its apparent inhibition and prolonged lag phase for LYZ fibrillation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
January 2025
Department of Physics and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
The current intense study of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals was initiated by the observation of the same ferroelectric nematic phase in two independently discovered organic, rod-shaped, mesogenic compounds, RM734 and DIO. We recently reported that the compound RM734 also exhibits a monotropic, low-temperature, apolar phase having reentrant isotropic symmetry (the I phase), the formation of which is facilitated to a remarkable degree by doping with small (below 1%) amounts of the ionic liquid BMIM-PF. Here we report similar phenomenology in DIO, showing that this reentrant isotropic behavior is not only a property of RM734 but is rather a more general, material-independent feature of ferroelectric nematic mesogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Mass Spectrom
January 2025
Technical University of Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Molecular glues (MGs) and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are used to modulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs), via induced proximity between compounds that have little or no affinity for each other naturally. They promote either reversible inhibition or selective degradation of a target protein, including ones deemed undruggable by traditional therapeutics. Though native MS (nMS) is capable of analyzing multiprotein complexes, the behavior of these artificially induced compounds in the gas phase is still not fully understood, and the number of publications over the past few years is still rather limited.
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