AI Article Synopsis

  • This study investigated the causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and the associated antibiotic resistance based on bacterial culture results from samples gathered at 17 hospitals from 2016 to 2019.
  • A total of 30,051 bacterial isolates were analyzed, with the majority (85.1%) being Gram-negative pathogens; notable strains included Acinetobacter spp., P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae for hospital-acquired infections.
  • The study found high rates of antibiotic resistance, particularly among Acinetobacter and Klebsiella species, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of antibiotic resistance in LRTI management.

Article Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and their antibiotic resistance.

Methodology: Bacterial culture results of LRT samples from 17 hospitals between 2016-2019 were included in the study. All isolates were identified and AST were performed by automated microbiology systems. AST was performed according to EUCAST.

Results: Non-duplicate 30,051 (26,890 HA and 3156 CA) isolates detected as causative pathogen. LRTIs are caused by 85.1% Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and 14.9% Gram-positive. The most common isolates among HA pathogens were Acinetobacter spp. (27.4%), P.aeruginosa (22.2%), K.pneumoniae (17.9%); among CA pathogen S.pneumoniae (19.9%), P. aeruginosa (18.9%), H.influenzae (14.6%). ESBL rate was 62.5% in K.penumoniae; 53.1% in E.coli; 19.1% in Klebsiella spp; 13.9% in Enterobacter spp.; 8.6% in Proteus spp.; 6.3% in Citrobacter spp.; and 4.3% in Serratia spp. Resistance rates to carbapenems and colistin were 92.8% and 12.8% in A baumannii, 39.8% and 7.5% in P.aeruginosa, 47.3% and 18.5% in K.penumoniae. Among staphylococci, 27.3% of S. aureus and 82.4% of CoNS were methicillin resistant. 7.6% of E.faecium and 0.9% of E.faecalis were vancomycin resistant.  Linezolid resistant S. aureus, CoNS, E.faecalis and E.faecium rates were 0.3%, 2.9%, 0.0% and 4.6%. Inducible clindamycin resistant rate was 17.2% in S. aureus 38.2% in CoNS. Non-susceptible S.pneumoniae isolate rate to penicillin was 37.0%. 6.5% of S.maltophilia and 4.4% of B.cepacia isolates were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among A.baumannii and K.pneumoniae and continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of LRTIs is important.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12599DOI Listing

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