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Alzheimers Dement

December 2024

University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Northern California Institute for Research & Education (NCIRE), San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center (SFVAMC), San Francisco, CA, CA, USA.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has made many important contributions to the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) disease modifying treatments and diagnostic biomarkers. Since its funding in 2004 by the National Institutes of Aging, the goal of ADNI has been the validation of biomarkers for AD treatment trials. ADNI has enrolled over 2,400 participants in the USA and Canada for longitudinal clinical, cognitive, and biomarker studies.

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Background: Positive findings from testing therapeutics in AD animal models are often not translated to effective treatments due to the poor methodological rigor and inadequate reporting practices of therapeutic efficacy studies. The Alzheimer's Disease Preclinical Efficacy Database (AlzPED), developed by the NIA, is a searchable and publicly available knowledgebase that prioritizes and promotes the use of rigorous methodology to ameliorate this translation gap. Through a checklist of experimental design elements - the Rigor Report Card - AlzPED highlights reporting recommendations and standards while providing a practical tool to help plan rigorous therapeutic studies in animals.

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Background: The prohibitive costs of drug development for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) emphasize the need for alternative in silico drug repositioning strategies. Graph learning algorithms, capable of learning intrinsic features from complex network structures, can leverage existing databases of biological interactions to improve predictions in drug efficacy. We developed a novel machine learning framework, the PreSiBOGNN, that integrates muti-modal information to predict cognitive improvement at the subject level for precision medicine in AD.

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Background: The progressive nature of dementia and the complex needs means that people living with dementia require tailored approaches to address their changing care needs over time. These include physical multimorbidity, psychological, behavioural, and cognitive symptoms and possible risks arising from these and helping family caregivers. However, provision of these interventions is highly variable between and within countries, partly due to uncertainty about their efficacy and scarce resources.

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