Relapse in leprosy and drug resistance assessment in a tertiary hospital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Introduction: Leprosy recurrence is the reappearance of the disease after treatment with current schemes and discharged for cure and may have variable incubation periods.

Methods: This is a descriptive observational study of leprosy recurrence in Espírito Santo diagnosed between January 2018 and January 2020.

Results: One hundred and ninety-two cases were available, of which 30 were diagnosed with leprosy recurrence.

Conclusions: In 25 cases, the incubation period was 5-15 years after the first treatment, favoring bacillary persistence. In the remaining 5 cases, the disease had recurred after 15 years, pointing to reinfection as none of them exhibited drug resistance.