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Predicting PTSD and complex PTSD from interpersonal violence in Japanese school-based extracurricular sports activities: using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ).
Front Psychol
December 2024
Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
Introduction: Victims of interpersonal violence in sports show various mental health concerns. However, no studies have quantitatively examined their primary complaints, considering psychological symptoms such as denial of self-concept and interpersonal challenges not captured by conventional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, an association between interpersonal violence victimization and complex PTSD (CPTSD) has been noted in Japanese sports coaching situations, specifically for extracurricular sports activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEarly Salience Signals Predict Interindividual Asymmetry in Decision Accuracy Across Rewarding and Punishing Contexts.
Hum Brain Mapp
December 2024
University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.
Asymmetry in choice patterns across rewarding and punishing contexts has long been observed in behavioural economics. Within existing theories of reinforcement learning, the mechanistic account of these behavioural differences is still debated. We propose that motivational salience-the degree of bottom-up attention attracted by a stimulus with relation to motivational goals-offers a potential mechanism to modulate stimulus value updating and decision policy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe bioSocial Cognitive Theory of eating (bSCT-e): Applying and elaborating on a biopsychosocial substance use theory for food addiction.
Appetite
January 2025
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4122, Australia. Electronic address:
Obesity rates are increasing globally, and food addiction (FA) may be an important contributing factor but there is a lack of understanding of the key psychological mechanisms that contribute to FA. The bioSocial Cognitive Theory (bSCT) proposes that substance use is predicted by biologically based personality traits and their influence on social cognitive mechanisms. While validated in substance use, bSCT has not been applied to a behavioural or non-substance addiction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPunishment and Reward Sensitivity in Risk-Taking as Potential Mechanisms Explaining the Relationships Between Childhood Callous-Unemotional Traits and Adolescent Substance Use in a Longitudinal Cohort Study Sample.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol
October 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Childhood callous-unemotional (CU) traits are linked to high reward sensitivity and low punishment sensitivity, potentially increasing the risk of substance misuse in adolescents.
- The study analyzed data from the UK Millennium Cohort to explore how reward and punishment sensitivity influence the relationship between CU traits and substance use, specifically looking at alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drugs at age 17.
- Results indicate that while CU traits alone did not predict substance use when accounting for various factors, increased reward sensitivity contributed to higher substance use, suggesting that interventions for at-risk adolescents should focus on tailored strategies for those with CU traits and specific neurocognitive profiles.
High stakes slow responding, but do not help overcome Pavlovian biases in humans.
Learn Mem
August 2024
Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
"Pavlovian" or "motivational" biases are the phenomenon that the valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: the prospect of reward invigorates actions, while the prospect of punishment suppresses actions. Effects of the valence of prospective outcomes are well established, but it remains unclear how the magnitude of outcomes ("stake magnitude") modulates these biases. In this preregistered study ( = 55), we manipulated stake magnitude (high vs.
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