The third generation of antiepileptic drugs that have been approved by international regulatory agencies between 2007 and 2018 include rufinamide, stiripentol, eslicarbazepine acetate, lacosamide, perampanel, brivaracetam and everolimus. As part of demonstrating their safety profile, stability indicating methods are developed to monitor these drugs and their impurities. In this context, this review describe some characteristics, impurities and the stability indicating methods used for the determination of these drugs and the presence of their related substances. Through a search in official compendia and scientific articles, fifty-six analytical methodologies were identified up to October 2020. The methodologies were developed using techniques of HPLC, UPLC, HPTLC, GC and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. A majority of the methods (∼70%) employed HPLC-UV. A number of these antiepileptic drugs were found to have had a small number of studies related to their stability and for the detection of impurities. The presentation of the current level of research on third generation antiepileptic drugs highlights the need for new stability and safety studies that are necessary to develop new pharmaceutical products containing these drugs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2021.1890544 | DOI Listing |
Heliyon
January 2025
Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Introduction: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are life-threatening and often linked to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Common types of SCARs include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Immune-mediated mechanisms involving human leukocyte antigen () alleles have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadiol Case Rep
March 2025
Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon neurological condition characterized by reversible subcortical vasogenic edema that primarily affects the posterior areas of the brain. Subcortical vasogenic edema resulting from endothelial injury and hypertension is the pathogenesis. Here, we present a 23-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis who developed PRES following Rituximab (a monoclonal anti-CD-20 antibody) administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Intensive Care Medicine, Heyou Hospital, Foshan, 528306, Guangdong, China.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) emerges as a singular subclass of heart failure, bereft of specific therapeutic options. Magnesium, an indispensable trace element, is essential to the preservation of cardiac integrity. However, the association between magnesium supplementation and mortality in HFpEF patients remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
Phenytoin is one of the most used antiepileptic drugs. Isoniazid, a first-line antitubercular drug, blocks the CYP2C19 enzyme, preventing phenytoin from being metabolised. Concomitant use of phenytoin and isoniazid predisposes to phenytoin toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurology
February 2025
Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Background And Objectives: The most effective antiseizure medications (ASMs) for poststroke seizures (PSSs) remain unclear. We aimed to determine outcomes associated with ASMs in people with PSS.
Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases for studies on patients with PSS on ASMs.
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