Effect of Syringopicroside Extracted from Lindl on the Biofilm Formation of .

Syringopicroside is a natural drug with antibacterial activity, which is the main ingredient of Lindl (). In order to further develop the application of and evaluate the ability of syringopicroside against (), this investigation first applied an ultrasonic-assisted method to extract syringopicroside, and then response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to get the optimum condition. Based on RSM analysis, a second-order polynomial equation about the syringopicroside yield and four variables, including ultrasonic power, time, temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio, was purposed. Through RSM prediction and model verification experiments, the optimum conditions were determined, as follows: ultrasonic time was 63 min, temperature was 60 °C, a liquid-to-solid ratio was set to 63 mL/g, and ultrasonic power was 835 W. Under this condition, a high syringopicroside yield was obtained (3.07 ± 0.13 mg/g), which was not significantly different with a predicated value. After separation and purification by HPD 500 microporous resin, then mass spectrum was applied to identify the main ingredient in aqueous extract. A minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay revealed the value against of syringopicroside was 2.56 µg/µL and syringopicroside with sub-inhibitory concentrations that could effectively inhibit biofilm formation of . Besides, scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated syringopicroside could destroy the multi-layered aggregation structure of . Finally, molecular docking analysis confirmed that syringopicroside was combined with Orfy protein of through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interaction, and π-π stacking.