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A Review on the Role of Food-Derived Bioactive Molecules and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Satiety Regulation. | LitMetric

A Review on the Role of Food-Derived Bioactive Molecules and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Satiety Regulation.

Nutrients

International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/ n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.

Published: February 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Obesity is a complex chronic disease caused by an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure, linked to other health issues and involves intestinal hormones produced by enteroendocrine cells.
  • - These hormones, like CCK and GLP-1, play a key role in signaling between the gut and brain, affecting feelings of fullness and appetite.
  • - Diet can influence the intestinal microbiota, which interacts with these hormones, suggesting that designing bioactive compounds can help treat obesity through targeted hormones and microbiota manipulation, with organ-on-a-chip technology aiding in research on these treatments.

Article Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The growing relevance of this metabolic disease lies in its association with other comorbidities. Obesity is a multifaceted disease where intestinal hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY), produced by enteroendocrine cells (EECs), have a pivotal role as signaling systems. Receptors for these hormones have been identified in the gut and different brain regions, highlighting the interconnection between gut and brain in satiation mechanisms. The intestinal microbiota (IM), directly interacting with EECs, can be modulated by the diet by providing specific nutrients that induce environmental changes in the gut ecosystem. Therefore, macronutrients may trigger the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) through mechanisms including specific nutrient-sensing receptors in EECs, inducing the secretion of specific hormones that lead to decreased appetite or increased energy expenditure. Designing drugs/functional foods based in bioactive compounds exploiting these nutrient-sensing mechanisms may offer an alternative treatment for obesity and/or associated metabolic diseases. Organ-on-a-chip technology represents a suitable approach to model multi-organ communication that can provide a robust platform for studying the potential of these compounds as modulators of the MGBA.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919798PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020632DOI Listing

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