Brazil has one of the fastest-growing COVID-19 epidemics worldwide. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been adopted at the municipal level with asynchronous actions taken across 5,568 municipalities and the Federal District. This paper systematises the fragmented information on NPIs reporting on a novel dataset with survey responses from 4,027 mayors, covering 72.3% of all municipalities in the country. This dataset responds to the urgency to track and share findings on fragmented policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantifying NPIs can help to assess the role of interventions in reducing transmission. We offer spatial and temporal details for a range of measures aimed at implementing social distancing and the dates when these measures were relaxed by local governments.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00859-1 | DOI Listing |
Lancet HIV
January 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address:
Despite advancements in existing antiretroviral-based prevention strategies, including daily oral, locally acting, and injectable options, there is a pressing need for more inclusive and flexible event-driven pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) strategies for all. Event-driven or intermittent dosing of PrEP in populations beyond cisgender men who have sex with men would offer a promising alternative by fitting prevention into the diverse lifestyles of affected populations and thereby advancing health equity. Evidence from PrEP clinical trials, pharmacokinetic studies, modelling studies, and real-world observational research suggests that event-driven PrEP could be a flexible and inclusive option, yet optimal dosing has not been established across sex and gender spectrums.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The lack of effective pharmacological measures during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) as initial mitigation strategies. The impact of these NPIs on COVID-19 in Nigeria is not well-documented. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of NPIs to support future epidemic responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Comput Biol
December 2024
Department of Physics, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, India.
BharatSim is an open-source agent-based modelling framework for the Indian population. It can simulate populations at multiple scales, from small communities to states. BharatSim uses a synthetic population created by applying statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to survey data from multiple sources, including the Census of India, the India Human Development Survey, the National Sample Survey, and the Gridded Population of the World.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Introduction: Most studies on risk factors for a SARS-CoV-2 infection were conducted in the pre-vaccination era with many non-pharmaceutical prevention measures in place. We investigated risk factors for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated persons in a period with a varying degree of prevention measures.
Methods: In a test-negative case control study among vaccinated adults attending community COVID-19 testing locations between June 1st 2021 till February 28th 2022, we compared symptomatic cases with symptomatic controls (to study risk factors specific for SARS-CoV-2) and with asymptomatic controls (to study risk factors that could apply to respiratory infections in general).
Viruses
December 2024
State Public Health Laboratory, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly disrupted the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, driven primarily by widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and masking. This eight-year retrospective study examines the seasonal patterns and incidence of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and other respiratory viruses across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic phases in Jalisco, Mexico. Weekly case counts were analyzed using an interrupted time series (ITS) model, segmenting the timeline into these three distinct phases.
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