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Acute soft tissue trauma to the head and neck is a common reason for emergency department presentation and should be appropriately evaluated by a facial plastic surgeon. The evaluation of a patient who has suffered facial trauma should always include a comprehensive facial nerve exam and carry a low threshold of suspicion for parotid duct injury when involving the cheek. Injuries to the facial nerve and parotid duct can result in significant long-term functional, cosmetic, and emotional morbidity, particularly when diagnosis is delayed. In the repair of facial nerve transection, neurorrhaphy technique is primarily based on the ability to obtain tension-free anastomosis and outcomes are in large part related to timing of repair. Parotid duct injuries are generally repaired based on the site of ductal injury. In this article, we present a guide to the relevant anatomy of the facial nerve branches and the parotid duct, the important factors guiding treatment decisions alongside their related risks and benefits, as well as the management of complications of facial nerve neurorrhaphy and parotid duct injuries and repair.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725129 | DOI Listing |
NMC Case Rep J
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disorder that causes involuntary movements of the ipsilateral facial muscles because of vascular compression of the facial nerve. Microvascular decompression (MVD), a surgical procedure to detach the culprit vessel from the nerve is believed to be the most effective treatment for HFS. Nevertheless, in the rare case in which the vessel penetrates the nerve, positioning the vessel sufficiently far from the nerve is challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Background And Aim: The administration of growth and neurotrophic factors has been attempted experimentally as a new therapeutic strategy for severe facial paralysis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has an effect on the treatment of central nervous system injuries, such as cerebral infarction and spinal cord injury. This study aimed at examining the effects of G-CSF on facial nerve regeneration in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurophysiol Clin
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, The Cranial Nerve Disease Center of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address:
Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the electrophysiological features of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and post-facial paralysis synkinesis (PFPS) that contribute to differential diagnosis.
Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective analysis, focusing on 132 patients diagnosed with HFS and 78 patients with PFPS between May and October 2023. Patient data were collected from existing medical records.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg
November 2024
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Japan.
Chemodenervation with botulinum A toxin and neuromuscular retraining therapy are commonly performed as first-line treatments for postparalytic facial nerve syndrome (PFS). However, their effects are temporary, and side effects typically develop. Currently available selective neurectomy approaches are limited by variations in the anatomy of the peripheral branches of the facial nerve and the ability to reduce perioral synkinesis, but not periocular synkinesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Med Genet A
December 2024
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
You-Hoover-Fong syndrome (YHFS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay, microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, and a spectrum of neurodevelopmental abnormalities. YHFS is caused by pathogenic variants in TELO2, a gene involved in regulation of the cell cycle. To date, 29 individuals with YHFS have been reported and none of them has been reported to develop tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!