Movement and land application of manure is a known risk factor for secondary spread of avian influenza (AI) viruses. During an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), movement of untreated (i.e., fresh) manure from premises known to be infected would be prohibited. However, moving manure from apparently healthy (i.e., clinically normal) flocks may become critical, because some egg-layer facilities have limited on-site storage capacity. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate targeted dead-bird active surveillance rRT-PCR (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) testing protocols that could be used for the managed movement of manure from apparently healthy egg-layer flocks located in a HPAI Control Area. We also evaluated sequestration, which is the removal of manure from any contact with chickens, or with manure from other flocks, for a period of time, while the flock of origin is actively monitored for the presence of HPAI virus. We used stochastic simulation models to predict the chances of moving a load of contaminated manure, and the quantity of HPAI virus in an 8 metric ton (8000 kg) load of manure moved, before HPAI infection would be detected in the flock. We show that the likelihood of moving contaminated manure would decrease as the length of the sequestration period increased from 3 to 10 days (e.g., for a typical contact rate, with a sample pool size of 11 swabs, the likelihood decreased from 48% to <1%). The total quantity of feces from HPAI infectious birds in a manure load moved would also decrease. Results also indicate that active surveillance protocols using 11 swabs per-pool result in a lower likelihood of moving contaminated manure relative to protocols using 5 swabs per pool. Simulation model results from this study are useful to inform further risk evaluation of HPAI spread through pathways associated with the manure movement, and further evaluation of biosecurity measures intended to reduce those risks.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-21-00004 | DOI Listing |
Environ Sci Technol
January 2025
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.
Industrialized swine facilities adversely affect the health and well-being of Eastern North Carolina residents in the U.S. and are an issue of environmental racism.
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January 2025
College of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Shaoguan, 512005, Guangdong, PR China. Electronic address:
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) pollution in poultry farming environments has become increasingly critical, primarily driven by the widespread use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. Prolonged antibiotic use has led to the emergence of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, spreading via horizontal and vertical gene transfer. The complexity of ARG pollution in poultry farming arises from the unique farming practices, physiological characteristics of poultry, and manure management methods, with manure, wastewater, and air serving as significant vectors for ARG dissemination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
The escalating global fecal waste and rising CO levels present dual significant environmental challenges, further intensified by urbanization. Traditional fecal waste management methods are insufficient, particularly in addressing the related health risks and environmental threats. This study explores the synthesis of biochar from pig manure as a carbon substrate to disperse and stabilize Cu nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of an efficient Cu-NB-2000 electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic CO reduction (ECR).
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January 2025
College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Background: Phaseolus lunatus, commonly known as the lima bean, is a leguminous crop cultivated in various regions worldwide. It is native to tropical America and is extensively grown in both tropical and temperate climates. Lima beans are highly nutritious and versatile, serving not only as a food and vegetable, but also as a source of green manure.
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January 2025
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China. Electronic address:
Nitrate (NO) pollution in groundwater is a worldwide environmental issue, particularly in developed planting-breeding areas where there is a substantial presence of nitrogen-related sources. Here, we explored the key sources and potential health risks of NO in a typical planting-breeding area in the North China Plain based on dual stable isotopes and Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis results revealed that the NO concentration ranged from 0.
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